Lemon Shark Facts Description, Behavior, Conservation

The lemon shark (Negaprion brevirostris) gets its name from its yellow to brown dorsal color, which helps camouflage the fish over a sandy seabed. Although large, powerful, and carnivorous, this shark does not pose a risk to humans. Fast Facts: Lemon Shark Scientific Name: Negaprion brevirostrisDistinguishing Features: Stocky, yellow-colored shark with second dorsal fin almost as large as the firstAverage Size: 2.4 to 3.1 m (7.9 to 10.2 ft)Diet: Carnivorous, preferring bony fishesLifespan: 27 years in the wildHabitat: Coastal waters of the Atlantic and Pacific off the AmericasConservation Status: Near threatenedKingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: ChordataClass: ChondrichthyesOrder: CarcharhiniformesFamily: Carcharhinidae Description In addition to its color, one easy way to identify a lemon shark is by its dorsal fins. In this species, both dorsal fins are triangular in shape and about the same size as each other. The shark has a short snout and a flattened head that is rich in electroreceptors (ampullae of Lorenzini). Lemon sharks are bulky fish, typically reaching lengths between 2.4 and 3.1 m (7.9 to 10.2 ft) and weights of 90 kg (200 lb). The largest recorded size is 3.4 m (11.3 ft) and 184 kg (405 lb). Distribution Lemon sharks are found in both the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean, ranging from New Jersey to southern Brazil and Baja California to Ecuador. They may also be found off the western coast of Africa, although there is some dispute whether these sharks are a subspecies. Lemon shark distribution map. Chris_huh The sharks prefer warm subtropical water along the continental shelf. Smaller sharks may be found in shallow water, including bays and rivers, while larger specimens may seek deeper water. Mature sharks migrate between hunting and breeding grounds. Diet Like all sharks, lemon sharks are carnivores. However, they are more selective than most regarding prey. Lemon sharks choose abundant, intermediate-sized prey, preferring bony fish to cartilaginous fish, crustaceans, or mollusks. Cannibalism has been reported, particularly involving juvenile specimens. Lemon sharks are known for feeding frenzies. The shark speeds to its victim, uses pectoral fins to brake itself, and then jabs forward to grab prey and shake loose chunks of flesh. Other sharks are attracted to the prey not only by blood and other fluids, but also by sound. Sharks hunting at night track prey using electromagnetic and olfactory sensing. Social Behavior Lemon sharks are social creatures that form groups primarily based on similar size. Advantages of social behavior include protection, communication, courtship, and hunting. Disadvantages include competition for food, increased risk of disease, and parasite infestation. Lemon shark brains are comparable to those of birds and mammals, with respect to relative mass. The sharks demonstrate the ability to form social bonds, cooperate, and learn from each other. Lemon sharks live in groups and are believed to form friendships with each other. Cat Gennaro, Getty Images Reproduction The sharks return to mating grounds and nurseries. Females are polyandrous, taking multiple mates presumably to avoid conflict with males. After a year of gestation, the female gives birth to up to 18 pups. Another year is required before she can mate again. Pups remain in the nursery for several years. Lemon sharks become sexually mature between 12 and 16 years of age and live about 27 years in the wild. Lemon Sharks and Humans Lemon sharks are not aggressive toward people. Only 10 shark attacks attributed to lemon sharks have been recorded in the International Shark Attack File. None of these unprovoked bites were fatal. Negaprion breviostris is one of the best-studied shark species. This is largely due to research by Samuel Gruber at the University of Miami. Unlike many shark species, lemon sharks do well in captivity. The gentle nature of the animals makes them popular dive subjects. Lemon sharks are popular with divers because they are not ordinarily aggressive toward humans. Westend61, Getty Images Conservation Status The IUCN Red List categorizes the lemon shark as near threatened. Human activities are responsible for the species decline, including fishing as well as capture for research and the aquarium trade. This species of shark is fished for food and leather. Sources Banner, A (June 1972). Use of Sound in Predation by Young Lemon Sharks, . Bulletin of Marine Science. 22 (2).Negaprion brevirostris (Poey)Bright, Michael (2000). The Private Life of Sharks : The Truth Behind the Myth. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books. ISBN 0-8117-2875-7.Compagno, L., Dando, M., Fowler, S. (2005). A Field Guide to the Sharks of the World. London: Harper Collins Publishers Ltd.Guttridge, T. (August 2009). Social preferences of juvenile lemon sharks, Negaprion brevirostris. Animal Behaviour. 78 (2): 543–548. doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2009.06.009Sundstrà ¶m, L.F. (2015). Negaprion brevirostris. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN. 2015:e.T39380A81769233. doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015.RLTS.T39380A81769233.en

Role of Voluntary Organizations in Community Development...

Role of Voluntary Organizations in Community development in Nigeria Submitted by Ekweruo Chigozie Kenneth. Bsc. Pub.Administration L.G Studies University Of Nigeria Nsukka ABSTRACT Community development entails the provision of infrastructural facilities to the people. The provision of these social amenities can be attained through a number of ways and/or organizations which includes, the government, community development associations, Voluntary Organizations. A Voluntary Organization or Volunteers Organization is any organization that uses the human resources of volunteers for achieving its main purpose. Community participation can be facilitated by the use of voluntary organizations. The importance of voluntary organizations with†¦show more content†¦Despite these accomplishments, many CBOs have rose and fell like old empires while some have had no significant impact since their establishment due to poor funding. This is more so because CBOs in African communities are micro-systems within the macro environment that is afflicted by economic regression, poverty and low standard of living. There is therefore the need to appraise the socio-economic status of existing voluntary organizations in the communities of developing nations like Nigeria and identify the degree of impact they have exerted on their physical environments. Objective of the study. The study assesses the role of Voluntary Organizations in Community development in Nigeria. Furthermore, this Seminar paper tries to look into the challenges faced by Voluntary organizations in Community development and ways government can come in to assist these community based organizations for effective performance in community development projects. The concept of community based organizations (cbos) Community based organizations otherwise known as local organizations have been given different names in different places. These include ‘community development associations’, ‘neighbourhood councils’ and united community among others (Biddle and Biddle, 1968; Agbola,1998). Community based organizations are set up by collective efforts of indigenous people of homo or heterogeneous attributes but living or working within the same environment.Show MoreRelatedRole of Ngos in National Development and Security4510 Words   |  19 PagesTHE ROLE OF NGO’S IN NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND SECURITY By ( IBRAHIM TUDU) Chairman, Zamfara State Coaltion of NGOs, Nigeria email: ibrahimtudu@yahoo.com INTRODUCTION: The term NGO has now become a popular in academic, policy and international cycles. The letters N.G.O is an abbreviation, which stands for Non-Governmental Organization, literally speaking because they are not formed by the government, not controlled by Government bureaucracy and they do not participate in decisionRead MoreAn Assessment of the Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Nigerian Society: the Examples of Banking and Communication Industries18990 Words   |  76 Pagesstakeholders including the government, the corporate organization itself, and the general public. The public contended that the payment of taxes and the fulfillment of other civic rights are enough grounds to have the liberty to take back from the society in terms of CSR undertaken by other stakeholders. Some ten year ago, what characterized the Nigerian society was fragrant pollution of the air, of the water and of the environment. Most corporate organizations are concerned about what they can take out ofRead MoreManagement of Primary and Secondary Education in Nigeria3470 Words   |  14 Pagesand Secondary Education in Nigeria Table of Contents ` Page Table of Contents:†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ iv Opening Address: Professor Ayodele Falase †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ viii Welcome Address: Professor D.F. Elaturoti†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ x Goodwill Address: Professor E.G. Fagbamiye †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ xii Goodwill Address: J.B. Babalola †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. xvi Management of Secondary School Education in Nigeria: Problems and Challenges — W.O. Ibukun .........†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 1 The Organization and Management of Primary andRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility in Nigerias Telecommunication Sector15201 Words   |  61 PagesTITLE PAGE CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN NIGERIA’S TELECOMMUNICATION SECTOR A CASE STUDY OF GLOBACOM NIGERIA LIMITED ENUGU ZONE BY EZEIGWE, GRACE CHINYERE BA/2007/163 A PROJECT REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS ADMINSTRATION, CARITAS UNIVERSITY, AMORJI- NIKE, ENUGU, ENUGU STATE. IN PARTTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (B.Sc.) DEGREE IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION. AUGUST, 2010. 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The goal of all parent-teacher groups is to support their schools, encourage parent involvement, support teachers, and organize family events. The school organization, administration and management has become sophisticatedRead MoreThe Primary Goal of a Firm Has Been Held Out to Be Shareholder Wealth Maximization Which Translates to Maximizing Stock Prices. in Light of This Statement, Do You Think Firms Have Any Responsibility to Society?2898 Words   |  12 PagesADMINISTRATION (MBA) BENUE STATE UNIVERSITY MAKURDI. AUGUST,2010 1.0 Introduction: The fundamental economic role of business is to make profit and to maximize shareholders wealth. Therefore, this primary objective is carried out in the society. Firms Operations are not performed in a vacuum but in an environment. Business Organizations are open system that must interact and respond to the environment. The performance of the Firm therefore is influence by the environment

The And Of The Structure Of Dna - 3909 Words

Abstract In 1979 Nobel prize laureate and the co-discoverer of the structure of DNA called for a precise method to gain control over specific classes of neurones â€Å"leaving the others more of less unaltered† which will allow us to understand more about the â€Å"profoundly mysterious brain.† This was the first articulated idea of optogenetics, which would lead to the development of one of the most exciting areas of neuroscience. In 2005 Karl Desseroth and Ed Boyden publishes a paper detailing a single optogenetic system a revolutionary paper, using channel rhodopsin Optogenetics, as shown by the name, is a mixture of optics and neuroscience, which combines the precision of light with specific of genetic targeting. It allows genetic control of†¦show more content†¦In the following years scientists were able to target specific cells such as temperature and chemicals (alexander et all 2009), however the precision of light is unmatched. In addition light gives millisecon d precision which is very important in optogenetics because of the fast pace of processes in the brain such as synaptic currents and to allow the addation or deletion of precise activity patterns The underlying theory of optogenetics is introducing a light sensitive protein to a specific cell type, then activating the cell with light and observing any changes in function or cellular behavior. The underling theory of optogenetics is introducing a light sensitive protein to a specific cell type, then using light then activate the cell and then observing cellular behavior. Opsins It was discovered that a protein that caused algae/9chalmidiponis to swim to light is a light sensitive channel (method of the year 2010), blue light causes positive ions enter the cell In 1971 Oeseterhelt and stoeckenius identified bacteriorhodoposin hich is an opsin, a light activated ion pump. Further research in this area lead to the identification of more members of the opsin family.Bacteriorhodopsin was the first identified opsin. An opsin actually refers to the gene and the protein product which have been recently adapted to control cellular

Measuring Customer Service at American Express - 1367 Words

Measuring Customer Satisfaction at American Express American Express is a world wide travel related service company. American Express works with both consumers and business with their financial planning as well as offers numerous amounts of credit card products and travel assistance. They have many products and services that are used throughout the world by consumers and businesses. As American Express moves towards the future, like most credit card companies, they want to be competitive and responsive to the needs of the consumer. American Express sends out customer service surveys to the card members that call in to the telephone service center. The surveys are sent out randomly with a coding on the bottom of the survey so that†¦show more content†¦This study will outline the relationship between customer satisfaction with customer service and customer retention at American Express. To support the findings, we will conduct an empirical study focusing on the relations hip between perceived customer service quality and customer intentions. My proposal is to have the card members take the surveys immediately after the service is provided. This will ensure an actual reading on the customer s actual satisfaction of how the company performed on their issue. By doing this the company, can provide immediate feedback to the employees when needed and will also be able to have the survey results on the spot instead of having to wait weeks sometimes months before receiving the survey back. This prolonged time is a wasted time where the company could have been already looking into the issue or seeing what is working well. We will conduct a pilot of all American Express customers (the population) by use of a voice response system immediately after they have been serviced by our customer service representative. The pilot will take about one quarter to get enough data to review and to be effective. We will contact all card members by calling them if they gi ve any questions asked a Fair or Poor answer to discuss the issue with them within 2 business days of them taking the survey. By doing this their discussion with our representative is still fresh in their mindsShow MoreRelatedAdvertising Strategy and Its Alignment With the Marketing Goals: Clear Vision Inc. Case Study1153 Words   |  5 Pagesconcerning the contact lenses industry, but it is mainly going to emphasize this products novelty and the resulting innovative attitudes that the masses need to employ with regard to it. Even with the fact that the company has a community of loyal customers, it is going to change its advertising strategy in the case of Liquid-Drop Contact Lenses. Although introducing Liquid-Drop Contact Lenses means that the company is going to use IMC in new ways, it is nonetheless important to acknowledge the strongRead MoreBuilding Brand Value and Its Inpact on Customer Marketing2006 Words   |  9 PagesBrand Value amp; Its Significance to Customer Marketing Abstract A successful brand is the most valuable resource a company has. In fact, one authority speculates that brands are so valuable that many companies include a â€Å"statement of value† addendum to their balance sheets to include intangibles such as the value of their brands. Brands are used as external cues to taste, design, qualify, prestige, value and so forth. In otherRead MoreEssay on BUSI 650 CHAPTER 3 TEST1412 Words   |  6 PagesChoice 1. 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Taking care of business, social insurance in the United States is eminent. Such care including aversionRead MoreMKT 571 Week 6 Final Exam NOTES Essay923 Words   |  4 Pagesguidelines are the stages for  ________. crisis management 3. A social definition of marketing says marketing is the process by which individuals and groups obtain what they need and want through creating, offering, and freely exchanging products and services of value with others 4. If the Ford GT is designed to accelerate to 50 miles per hour within 10 seconds, and every Ford GT coming off the assembly line does this, the model is said to have high ________ conformance quality 5. Prestige LLC, a smallRead MoreThe Role Of Passive And Active Listening Essay1407 Words   |  6 Pagesessential that companies or businesses today to listen to their customers. There are two kinds of passive and active listening. Passive is simply receiving the message without giving any external indications. Active is that an active listener engages with the speaker. Avoid distractions by tuning out any and all forms of distractions that would cause you to shift your focus from assisting the customer. Take your time to hear what your customers are saying. Listen to their tone of voice and how they feelRead MoreEthical Decision Making Ethical Decisions Essay1088 Words   |  5 Pagesdecision will be viewed by others, it is an unethical decision. Ethisphere Institute Ethisphere Institute is an ethics and compliance consulting firm, based in Scottsdale, Arizona. Since 2007, the company has been responsible for defining and measuring corporate ethical standards worldwide. The organization publishes a quarterly magazine that gives its readers information on ethical leadership and diversity. Its goal is to provide corporate executives the tools necessary to perform their job responsibilitiesRead MoreThe Brand Personality Of A Uk s Sport Team And Customers Identification1587 Words   |  7 Pagesbetween the Brand Personality of a UK’s Sport Team and Customers’ Identification. Introduction Professional sports teams are commonly described using human characteristics. For example, teams are often characterised as being ‘successful’, ‘ambitious’ or ‘uncompromising’ (Tsiotsou, 2012). Such associations can help teams increase their fan base and attract sponsors, as both individuals and sponsors seek partnerships with brands that express their identity. While previous research has establishedRead MoreSupply Chain Management And Distribution1520 Words   |  7 Pagesthese products to the customers. Supply chain Management (SCM) is the management of flow of information, products and services across a network of customers, organization and supply chain enterprises. It incorporates the development and capacity of raw materials, work-in-progress of stock, and finished products from purpose of origin to purpose of utilization. Interconnected or interlinked systems, channels and hub organizations are included in the vision of items and servic es required by end usersRead MoreKey Fundamentals Of Basic Customer Service Essay1642 Words   |  7 Pagescompanies lose an estimated $41 billion due to their poor customer service. (insightsquared) Customer service is the most important services in any business so much so that many successful businesses consider this as one of the keys that would spell the success or failure of the company. Today’s gloomy economic news is a concern for workers everywhere. Customer service is key to any businesses you are employed at. Skills in dealing with customers are more important than realized. Training is critical

Mahatma Gandhi Free Essays

One of the greatest men in the history of India is unarguably Mahatma Gandhi . He sacrificed his own life for the sake of his country. The respect that he earned for himself despite leading a simple lifestyle is much appreciable. We will write a custom essay sample on Mahatma Gandhi or any similar topic only for you Order Now Mahatma Gandhi played a vital role in the freedom struggle of India. His non violent ways and peaceful methods were the foundation for gaining independence from the British. Mahatma Gandhi was born on 2nd October at Porbandar located in Gujarat His full name was Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi He went off to South Africa after marriage and worked as barrister there for twenty years. Once while he was traveling in a train, he was thrown out of the first class compartment despite having a ticket. This made him swear that he would do his best to erase apartheid from the face of his world. He went back to India only to find that his own country was being ruled by the British and his fellow citizens were being treated harshly by British. Non Co-operation Movement One of the first series of non violent protests nationwide was the non cooperation movement started by Mahatma Gandh. In this freedom struggle, the non cooperation movement was basically aimed at making the Indians aware of the fact that the British government can be opposed and if done actively, it will keep a check on them. Thus, educational institutions were boycotted, foreign goods were boycotted, and people let go off their nominated seats in government institutions. Though the movement failed, Indians awakened to the concept of going against the British. Civil Disobedience Movement Gandhi again took off with another non violent movement known as the civil disobedience movement. This movement was more active than the non cooperation movement and brought about a revolution of sorts. This movement aimed at bringing the British administration to a stop by withdrawing support from everything. There was agitation against land revenue, abolition of salt tax, cutting down military expenditure, levying duty on foreign cloth, etc. A very important movement was that of Salt Satyagraha where Gandhi undertook the Dandi march as a protest against the Salt tax. How to cite Mahatma Gandhi, Papers

Governance and Environmental Implications

Question: Discuss about the Governance and Environmental Implications. Answer: Introduction Ichthyosis is a rare skin disorder that can be identified by dry, thickened and scaly-like skin. This kind of disease is rare in nature and affects only a few people in the world. However, the most common of them is Ichthyosis vulgaris, which is known to affect one out of 250 people (Getz Page, 2016). The people who suffer from this disease have many social and psychological effects, as their skin tends to lose moisture and become dry and rigid. Some of the patients have trouble in closing their eyes as the skin around that place become very hard. It makes the eyelids to turn outward and expose the soft skin inside, which leads to irritation and impaired vision on a longer run (Chang Reyes, 2014). The event that was organized recently was a fund-raising charity event for the Ichthyosis disease. The location for this event was one of the main venues in Melbourne, which helped in attracting large number of audience. The event was held at The Royal Society of Victoria, which is located on La Strobe Street. The event was held on 9 May 2015. It has two hectares of open land that had easily hosted the audiences (Gofundme.com, 2017). The target market for the event was the executives and CEOs of small entrepreneurial enterprises and the big companies that were present in the locality. The event also acted as a host to a number of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO) such as CARE Australia, ChildFund Australia, Oxfam Australia and Save the Children Australia. This helped in spreading awareness among children and the NGOs (Frew, 2014). Purpose of the Event The main objective of the event was to raise funds from the people that were supposed to come to the charity purpose. The amount that was collected was sent to the different hospitals and research centres where the disease is being researched. According to the event, the goal was to raise $3,700 out of which around $3,620 has been raised (Gofundme.com, 2017). Since there are no cure for the presently, it will be of great help in funding the researchers so that they can progress on finding a cure for it (Brown et al., 2015). Carly Findlay who is an appearance activist in partnership with Genetic Support Network (GSN) was present and hosted the event. This gave a chance to the persons and their families that are suffering from the disease to interact with numerous people who had gathered in the evening for that event. Since most of the patients were introvert in nature and avoided the public eye, this gave them a chance to explain the people about the daily problems they have to face to survive (Shiell, 2014). SWOT Analysis of the event Strengths Having a team to support the fundraising event Regular communication, which will help in updating the audience about the event (Scott, 2014) Inviting families, as they form a part of the audience Online sale of t-shirts and other merchandize that will help in creating awareness and raising funds Weakness Problem in targeting the effective donors for the event Little or no feedback on the emails and the phone calls to the target audience Getting the support in material supplies from the families (Pernecky Luck, 2013) Creating awareness of the event in the social media will take time and will lose precious time Opportunities Target the teenage group by maintaining proper communication skills Preparing questionnaires for the families and audience, which will provide valuable feedback to make the event successful Inviting the media to cover the entire event, which will help in spreading awareness Thanking the audience after the end of the event (Scott, 2014) Threats The voluntary time spend by the people is limited, which may hamper the success of the event Due to recession, the event may see a limited amount of fund There may be difficulty in getting access to the grants The media may not be interested in the event, which will limit the awareness opportunity (Pernecky Luck, 2013) (Source: Created by the Author) Analysis of the event The disease is so rare that many few people know about the conditions that the patients face. On a global basis, these kinds of events have been done in United Kingdom and United States, which has helped in raising awareness among the local people. On a regional context, this event was the first time that it is being held in Australia. The Melbourne event saw a gathering of around six hundred people, which helped in spreading awareness of the disease in that area (Shiell, 2014). The role of the event was to help in knowing the patients better in and around the area, as they were all invited to the event. The people had shared their experiences with the audience, which helped in spreading of knowledge about the disease. This gradually helped in getting to know more about the disease by the common people, which would in turn help in identifying the disease if it happens to their family members (Jones, Newsome Macbeth, 2016). Based on the SWOT analysis that has been done above, it is clear that a team was required to make the event successful. To make the events successful in the future, use of advanced technologies will provide a great boost. It will help in catering better to the audience as their individual demands can be well looked after. Events like these need to be crowd funded, which will show that they have interest in spreading awareness about the diseases in the society. The planning of the events need to be done in advance so that maximum exposure can be received, which will help in making the event a success. Conclusion Thus, it can be concluded that the event was a success in the Melbourne area and was able to collect a good amount of fund. This would help the research process to continue and find some remedy for the disease. As many people had attended the event in Melbourne, it helped in getting a good number of audiences along with the potential donors. In this way, the people in Australia got aware and came to know more about the disease, which helped them in spreading knowledge in the future. Reference List Brown, G., Lee, I. S., King, K., Shipway, R. (2015). Eventscapes and the creation of event legacies.Annals of Leisure Research,18(4), 510-527. Chang, L. M., Reyes, M. (2014). A case of harlequin ichthyosis treated with isotretinoin.Dermatology online journal,20(2). Frew, E. (2014). Volunteer fundraising: The motivation for involvement in a charity arts event.Leisure Reflections... No. 36 Experience as Knowledge: its Place in Leisure................ Robert A. Stebbins.... 33 And Now For A Few Words From... D avid Crouch, 201488. Getz, D., Page, S. J. (2016).Event studies: Theory, research and policy for planned events. Routledge. Gofundme.com,. (2017). Click here to support Australian Ichthyosis Meet by Carly Findlay. gofundme.com. Retrieved 30 March 2017, from https://www.gofundme.com/ausichthymeet Jones, C., Newsome, D., Macbeth, J. (2016). Governance and environmental implications of motorised events: insights from Australia and avenues for further inquiry.Current Issues in Tourism,19(7), 680-696. Pernecky, T., Lck, M. (Eds.). (2013).Events, society and sustainability: Critical and contemporary approaches. Routledge. Scott, M. A. (2014).Organisational factors that drive fundraising effectiveness in Australian health charities(Doctoral dissertation, Queensland University of Technology). Shiell, A. (2014).Fundraising, Flirtation and Fancywork: Charity Bazaars in Nineteenth Century Australia. Cambridge Scholars Publishing.

Untitled Essay Research Paper The City of free essay sample

Untitled Essay, Research Paper The City of Today Glorious, glorious England. As the Empire spreads some say # 8220 ; so does its glorification # 8221 ; ; others mumble of the monetary value which we pay for our illustriousness. Many of us Londoners have read, if non discussed, the challenging argument transpirating between Sir Andrew Ure and Sir James Phillips Kay. Are the metropoliss of great England genuinely representative of the gems in Her Majesty # 8217 ; s Crown? Or are they the discoloration of development and maltreatment that some have proclaimed? Sir James Phillips Kay, an M.D. at Edinburgh and the Secretary to the Manchester Board of Health, has late published a work titled, # 8220 ; The Moral And Physical Conditions of the Working-Class Employed in Cotton Manufacturing in Manchester. # 8221 ; ( Kay/Ure Debate, Handout ) He argues rather persuasively about those hapless wretches populating in the most horrid of conditions. Half the incrimination he attributes to the Irish and the other half to the environment of an industrialized metropolis. We will write a custom essay sample on Untitled Essay Research Paper The City of or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Irish immigrants have brought to Manchester a system called # 8220 ; cottier farming # 8221 ; . Sir James argues that this system is responsible for the # 8220 ; demoralization and brutality # 8221 ; of the working-class. If that is non bad plenty, the murphy has been introduced as a chief article of nutrient. Influenced by the Irish subsistence life, the working-class are abandoning those values which promote increasing comfort. They apparently have given up the hope of improvement and adopted hopelessness. Sir James does good in his description of the life conditions of the on the job category is populating in. The mere idea of such agony and wretchedness is flooring to the psyche. The job Kay argues, is caused by combinations of hapless life and on the job conditions, deficiency of instruction, influence by a lesser civilization and the presence of great immorality. This late published work is a supplication to the Capitalist, to convert him to concern himself with his ( # 8221 ; The City # 8221 ; continued ) Vol.2 Page 2 ____________________________________________________________________ workers. Andrew Mearns, another outstanding chap on these affairs goes into even greater item in his work, # 8220 ; The Bitter Cry of Outcast London # 8221 ; . Making a survey of our metropolis, he has reported, with amazing item, that the crud nowadays in Manchester can be found in this metropolis! Mr. Mearns makes his statement to the church in his call to unite and fight this turning wretchedness together. He cites illustrations of immorality, poorness and heart-breaking wretchedness. His call besides addresses the demand for the province to step in on the behalf of the administrations seeking to promote the working-classes # 8217 ; wretchedness. What can be done for the motherless kids, diseased and indisposed siblings and the hapless forced into larceny for foul boodle? Nothing! Yes, that is right. We are to make nil. Sir Andrew Ure, an M.D. , who teache s in the university at Glasgow is a advocate of this controversial head set. Traveling to these assorted # 8220 ; awful # 8221 ; topographic points, Sir Andrew came to a wholly different decision. First, the workers agony is being greatly exaggerated. Upon sing these # 8220 ; horror zones # 8221 ; ( mills ) , both on proclaimed and unheralded visits, no such extremes were found. Alternatively of the happening the black image Sir James and Mr. Mearns painted, Ure found something rather the antonym. Children drama outside in resort areas during their interruptions, and mills provide a safe oasis for the kids from the ill-use of their bad parents. Second, the awful nutrient state of affairs is an hyperbole every bit good. The sum of nutrient given to the mill workers is sufficient. It is comparable, if non exceling to that nutrient consumed in the rural communities from where the on the job category came from. What is to be the decision of this acrimonious statement? one thing is c ertain, the Kay/Ure argument will go on with us every bit long as we have mills with a on the job category. This much can be assured. nineteenth Century Evangelical Christianity In England Therefore go and make adherents of all states, baptising them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit. Matthew 28:19 Religion was an of import aspect of the British Victorian society. It molded public sentiment, dictated ethical motives and values, and created societal divisions. The dominant faith of the middle-class during this clip was Evangelical Christianity. This essay will discourse the relationship between Evangelicalism and the middle-class. It will besides reason how Evangelicalism affected the attitudes towards different races and the function of the British imperium in the universe. Evangelicalism was the strongest ideological influence nowadays in the Victorian Age. This spiritual motion, a merchandise of the Church of England, was chiefly comprised of the midd le-class middle class. In add-on, the leading of the Evangelical motion was greatly influential in political relations. As high-level members of the Whig party, they played a important portion in both policy devising in the authorities and set uping the party # 8217 ; s power base.1 The most of import leaders of the Evangelicals were the Clapham Sect. They had two basic issues which acted as both a political platform and a societal order. The first issue concerned the abolishment of bondage and the slave trade in England. Many political conflicts were fought over the issue of bondage and its trade, but its abolishment in the early 1800s was a great political and societal triumph for the Evangelicals.2 The 2nd issue was its was the Evangelical transmutation of national morality. Catharine Hall argued that in the Clapham sect the # 8220 ; concern was to redefine the available cultural norms and to promote a new earnestness and reputability in life. # 8221 ; 3 This issue was support ed and propagated as if it were a political run. Booklets, the media and church discourses in church were used to distribute this word. The greatest influence of Evangelicalism was on the British society itself. It set criterions for specifying household and home-life. A important facet of Evangelicalism was its definition of a adult female # 8217 ; s function in society. They defined a adult females as a housewife, a married woman and a female parent. Detailed instructions on how to go a good # 8220 ; mistress # 8221 ; were easy accessible. An first-class illustration of this was the Hagiographas of Isabella Beeton. She went into item about what attitudes and habits a kept woman should hold. Mrs. Beeton argued that # 8220 ; there is no more fruitful beginning of household discontent than a homemaker # 8217 ; s badly-cooked dinners and untidy ways. # 8221 ; 4 The Evangelicals rejected the impression of equality between the sexes. This Evangelical belief stemmed from a cardinal difference in the place of work forces and adult females. They were # 8220 ; of course distinct # 8221 ; .5 Evangelical philosophy besides argued that, although a adult female should be educated, it is for the exclusive intent of doing her a better married woman and mother.6 This thought of sexual equity and other extremist thoughts emerged from France even before Thursday e infamous Revolution took place. The ideology coming from France both before and after the revolution was never accepted in England. The English bourgeoisie used the evangelical ideas to combat the foreign influence of the French Another important sphere of influence to Evangelicalism was the home. This arena was viewed as the building block of British society and culture. If national morality was to be changed, and in some cases created, then morality must be taught at home. The home â€Å"was one place where attempts could be made to curb sin.†7 Evangelicalism was not merely a national fad. As the Clapham Sect and other influential politicians began their campaign for the abolition of slavery, the slave trade was also targeted. This created the need for international intervention. It was not enough that slavery was to cease being a legal commodity of labor, or to be viewed as immoral. The entire industry of the slave trade was immoral. It was seen as a infringement on the individuals natural rights. In the book, White Dreams In Black Africa, the British empire began to target the African tradesmen who sold the slaves for Christianization. The plan was to export the greatest gift the English could give, thus creating a moral society, educated, and most importantly, the elimination of the slave trade. This gift was Evangelical Christianity. Africa was not the only target for evangelism. The Irish, who were predominantly catholic, united with England January 1, 1801. This unification caused Irish culture to be spread abroad in the working class of England. This spread of Irish influence was described by James Phillips Kay as, â€Å"debased alike by ignorance and pauperism†.8 He blamed the penetration of British culture by Irish values as the cause for the debauchery and immorality in the working class. This posed as a proverbial splinter in the lion’s paw for the evangelicals. This was brought to the attention of the middle-class moralist s, which tried even harder to â€Å"persuade† their moral standards on the Irish. This persuasion came about by the merging of the Church of England with the Catholic Church of Ireland. The national church was Anglican by denomination and protestant. Needless to say, the Irish were not happy with the arrangements nor with the tithe that they were required to pay.9 In conclusion, England during its Victorian Age was tremendously influenced by religion. This influence dominated the society and culture of Britain. Its effect can be traced from the home and family life to the heirachy of the Parliament. The relationship between Evangelicalism and the English middle-class was strong. It also affected the Empire’s attitudes towards other races of people and defined some of its foreign policy concerning the slave trade. Ireland and England in the Active Union 1801-1920 January 1, 1801 Ireland joined with Britain in what is called the Active Union. The Active Union was an atte mpt of both states to integrate themselves on a political level. This union lasted approximately 120 years and was wrought with constant turmoil. A common term used by British Members of Parliament was the â€Å"Irish question†, or what to do with the Irish. The real question, however, concerned the identity of Ireland. Was Ireland a Integral part of Britain or another British colony? An analysis of this union revealed three basic areas of contention that shed light on this topic: politics, religion and economics. These areas show that parity between the two states was never achieved. This essay will address the question of identity in the special case of Ireland and its engagement with Britain during the Active Union. The political problem of the Active Union was the unequal nature of the agreement. Both parliaments passed the amendment which stipulated a dissolving of the Irish parliament. Upon this elimination of the Irish parliament, 100 elected M.P.s were sent to England for Irish representation. Parliament consisted of 615 members and required majority voting for bills to be passed. The Irish were proclaimed to be equal partners, but, in reality, were grossly out-numbered. However, no other colony possessed direct representation of its people in Parliament. The British law stated that only protestants were allowed to sit for government. Ireland’s population was 80 percent catholic and 20 percent protestant. This restriction of representation of the religious majority in Ireland furthered the inequality of the union. Ireland’s true political desires were neither voiced nor given much attention. In the Empire the head of government and most of the local government administrations were British and protestant. The English never attempted to make the Irish, English citizens, which would have given them equality in the Empire. In fact, the common British interpretation of their relationship with Ireland was understood in terms of occupatio n. These facts identified a severe disparity between the two states. The political aspects clearly pointed to a unique form of colonization of Ireland which was established with Ireland’s consent. Thus, Ireland as a political entity was, by all means and purposes, a colony of England. The area of Religion related directly to society . Religion helped form national identity, social order and morals/ethics. As previously stated Ireland’s population was predominantly catholic. Upon merging, parliament voted that the â€Å"national† church of the two states was to be the Church of England. This specific church was of the Anglican Denomination and protestant. As a result, the Irish population was subjected to mass conversion by the English. Further, the Church of England imposed a tithe on the Irish peasantry. This behavior was categorized as belligerent and was not congruent with the concept of equal partnership. To force religion or any other ideal on a society doe s not promote peace nor does it exemplify equality. The economic relationship between Ireland and England was severely unbalanced. Ireland’s economy is 80 percent agrarian. The Active Union caused no growth in the Irish Industrial sector. In fact, Irish industrial production, per capita, receded. Creating a free trade zone, which had been done by the Active Union agreement, put the ailing Irish industry into direct competition with England’s enormous industrial sector. Ireland joined the English empire voluntarily, assuming there would be an equitable relationship between the two states. The relationship was to provide political parity, religious cooperation and a mutual economic boom. Consequently, Ireland was reduced to colonial status by superior British power. Ireland was consider to be a colony of England politically, religiously and economically. The result of this union was 120 years of constant political strife and the eventual separation of the two states.