Essay about Beauty Andthe Beast Story and Film Comparison

Beauty and the Beast: Marie Le Prince de Beaumont story vs. Disney film In Europe, the 1700’s was a different time than present day America in which Marie Le Prince de Beaumont’s and Disney’s version of the text of Beauty and the Beast was written and made. To begin with, Europe in the 1700’s was very religion based, meaning that God always came first no matter the situation and has been a dominant thought in shaping the future for Europe. The order of priorities in that time in Europe was God, the Monarchy or royal family, and then comes the rest of a person’s priorities. A monarchy always has a royal family in which there is a king or queen, princes and princesses and they do little to no work while the poor did all the work. In preset†¦show more content†¦American culture views Beast as not a man, but in Europe at the time the text was written, Beast was considered a man because of his wealth and royalty. Although Beast is ugly in the st ory because of the curse, Beast has many feminine characteristics from the American culture that he shows as he is weak, kind, considerate and also a bit desperate at times, but in Europe at the time considered this very masculine. If the Beast from the original story was put in the present American society though, then Beast would not be respected as a man whatsoever and would not succeed there. On the other hand, the Beast from Disney’s film of the Beauty and the Beast, defines how an American man should be but without all the hair he may have. Beast has all the classifications of a man with him strong, dominate, and a provider. Beast can also be considered kind-hearted because when the audience sees his bright blue eyes, they can tell he has good in his heart. The audience can tell the characters are almost exact opposites by how Beast treats Beauty or Belle (Disney movie version of Beauty) in the two texts. In the original story, Beast can be considered a sweetheart to Be auty because he carries a conversation all the time with her, compliments her, and wins her over as a good friend. Beast is also exceptionally patient with her, but also sounds

We DonT Have Free Will In The Film Lola Essay - 1757 Words

Hume defines will as â€Å"the internal impression we feel and are conscious of when we knowingly give rise to any new motion of our body, or new perception of our mind† (Hume, 2). He means that we just have a feeling that we have free will, but we don’t have free will. In the film, Lola the main character did have free will since she could go back in time and change her actions. We all agree that physical things or â€Å"external bodies† which Hume calls them, don’t have free will, they are subject to physical laws, such as gravity. Actions of matter are subject to necessity, meaning that necessity governs the behavior of external bodies. There are several things that can determine human action, such as ethics, personality, upbringing, and†¦show more content†¦This is because he can already predict the guard’s reaction. Hume gives three reasons on why we believe in free will, the first is because of religious reasons. Hume argues that humans believe in free will or else they couldn’t have the belief in choosing good over evil. The second reason is that we always believe we could have acted otherwise. An example of this is the feeling of regret, we feel like we had a choice. But Hume states that we can’t ever prove this. The last reason we believe in free will is free will vs. determinism. This is closely related to the first reason. People argue that it doesn’t feel like anything is forcing them one way or the other. Because they feel this way they relate it to fate or destiny. But in Hume s argument, the kind of person you are is going to determine your actions. During the three different scenarios, Lola would cross with other people whom some she didn’t know. In each scenario, these people would experience different things and in the â€Å"and then† scenes, we could see different things in which the person experienced after having contact with Lola. These â€Å"and then† scenes show that there are many possible futures for someone to experience. These future experiences relate to chance, free will, and fate. In each scenario, Lola would take different choices which would affect have different outcomes. Since there were several variations in the â€Å"and then† scenes, this can imply that there is no one set of

Outlook Towards Maintenance of Liquid Assets to Ensure That Adequate Cash in Hand Is Available free essay sample

How to maintenance of liquid assets to ensure frm has adequate cash? Asking the above-referenced question without statistics makes it impossible for anyone to give you a proper answer. Generally speaking, you must limit expenses and ensure that some of your assets are in the form of short term assets. The higher your short term assets and the less your short term debt, the better your ability to pay the debt (short term liquidity ratio / liquidity ratio help you determine this). There is no perfect number or ratio for every firm. Each industry/business is unique. Strive to control debt (some debt is very good since it helps a business grow) and to maintain enough assets in the form of cash and cash equivalents Companies (Acceptance of Deposits) Rules, 1975 Maintenance of liquid assets (1) Every company shall, before the 30th day of April of each year, deposit or invest, as the case may be, a sum which shall not be less than 23[fifteen per cent] of the amount of its deposits maturing during the year ending on the 31st day of March next following in any one or more of the following methods, namely: a) in a current or other deposit account with any scheduled bank, free charge of lien; (b) in unencumbered securities of the Central Government or of any State Government; (c) in unencumbered securities mentioned in clauses (a) to (d) and (ee) of section 20 of the Indian Trusts Act, 1882 (2 of 1882); 24[(d) in unencumbered bonds issued by the Housing Development Finance Corporation Limited, Bombay, a company incorporated under the Companies Act, 1956 (1 of 1956), and notified under clause (f) of section 20 of the Indian Trusts Act, 1882 (2 of 1882)]: 5 [Provided that with relation to the deposits maturing during the year ending on the 31st day of March, 1979, the sum required to be deposited or invested under this sub-rule shall be deposited or invested before the 26[30th day of September, 1978]. We will write a custom essay sample on Outlook Towards Maintenance of Liquid Assets to Ensure That Adequate Cash in Hand Is Available or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page ] Explanation. For the purpose of this sub-rule, the securities referred to in clause (b) or clause (c) shall be reckoned at their market value. 2) The amount deposited or invested, as the case may be, under sub-rule (1), shall not be utilized for any purpose other than for the repayment of deposits maturing during the year referred to in that sub-rule, provided that the amount remaining deposited or invested, as the case may be, shall not at any time fall below 23[fifteen per cent] of the amount of deposits maturing until the 31st day of March of that year. ] Maintainence of Liquidity in Business One of the principal aims of a Manager is the maintenance of liquid assets. Maintenance of liquid assets connotes that the firm always has enough cash in hand to pay for 1. Recurring Expenses 2. To make unexpected large purchases 3. To meet emergencies at all times The best way to maintain a cash flow is to prevent overdue accounts and avert a blockage in the inflow of income. The ideal way to do this would be avoiding doing business with customers who have proven bad credit histories however, on the other hand rigid customer policies limiting the firms business with companies having only irreproachable credit records would deplete the firms pool of potential customers. With the Management looking at expanding the business it becomes necessary to do business with most people who want to do business with you. The reality of a growing business is that the biggest and best clients also want sufficient billing period and then ask for two months time for making payments. Here is where the Manager is caught between two horns. While the firm does not want to lose clients or destroy any potential or established business relationships by laying down harsh payment terms, it is also necessary for the Manager to take some control of accounts receivable to avoid causing chaos with the cash flow. Expansion of business requires extension of credit and when a firm extends credit, it is in effect loaning customers money, which in turn affects liquidity as any company wants to be reasonably sure that the money will be paid back. The primary step towards maintenance of liquid assets therefore commences with verification of ‘customer credit worthiness’. Certain steps can be taken to check whether the customer is good enough on his payments.

Significance of travel in Bashos Narrow Road Through the Backcountry Essay Example

Significance of travel in Bashos Narrow Road Through the Backcountry Paper Questing for Connections to the Past Waldo Ralph Emerson said Though we travel the world over to find the beautiful, we must carry it with us or we find it not. In Bash?Is Narrow Road through the Backcountry, exactly this sentiment is realized in the literary capture of North Japans natural beauties on his Journey for poetic enlightenment and motivation. This work is the story of the Journey that Basho began near the end of his life in order to attain inspiration for writing poetry, specifically in haiku-type forms. Bash? Is chosen path mirrored that of Saigy?, a well respected monk and poet, which ran through the ocations of residence and inspiration of various other notable Japanese poets and writers. The travel tale has long been held in high public regard and is widely known as one of the most iconic pieces of Japanese literature. Basho had a fascination with nature and a rare bond with his surroundings, but by pursuing the trail first blazed by Japanese poets of old, Saigy? in particular, Basho hoped to perfect his art and find inspiration by connecting to the locations of those poets inspiration from long before, and had a much greater impact than one could have predicted. One of the early encounters with a place formerly associated with a past figure that Basho describes poetically is the arrival to the Sunlit Mountain, Nikko. We will write a custom essay sample on Significance of travel in Bashos Narrow Road Through the Backcountry specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Significance of travel in Bashos Narrow Road Through the Backcountry specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Significance of travel in Bashos Narrow Road Through the Backcountry specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Basho explains that the mountain was named Nikko by Master Kukai, a monk who started a temple on this mountain. Basho also explains the significance of the mountains name and tells of how he feels Kukai has in a way predicted and blessed their trip. Observing the mountain exemplifies what Basho is trying to accomplish on this journey as he quickly scribbles down a self-admittedly simple and quick verse. Though simple, this is exactly what Basho is looking for: an opportunity to observe hat inspired the poets of old, which gives him the motivation to write. The works of Kukai had given him the basis for which to write upon. The haiku reads yes, how brilliant! /green leaves, young leaves/luminous within and without Kukai having named the mountain as the Sunlit Mountain, Basho would have never had the inspiration to write about the luminosity of the scene. Though no direct credit to Kukai or the mountain is mentioned in the poem, there is a direct link to both. At UnganJi, Basho is inspired to write about the hut of his former Zen meditation teacher, Butcho. A slightly melancholy haiku is written about the vacant, decrepit hut. This is a deep and emotional example of the inspiration that Basho sought. Evident in his haiku is the sadness from the lost connection to his Zen master alongside the majesty of the place which he is writing about, which combine for a beautiful piece of poetry. By no other force than by physically being at the site of the hut could a poem like that have been composed. Travel not only allows Basho to connect with the site which he is describing, but alsoin a more ethereal waywith his mentors and those ho preceded him. Most renown of these predecessor poets is Saigy? It, whom Basho modeled his path after. Along the way, various of Saigy? Its poetic inspirations and sites are mentioned and seen by Basho. Basho is particularly excited by one of these moving sites; the willow tree. In the eyes ot Bash? It, Saigy? It nas been immortalized in this tree and thus, standing in the shadow of the willows leaves and branches is like standing in the shadow of one of the great muses. This is a particularly rewarding experience for him, as Saigy? It is his guide and truest predecessor. This is reflected in the excitement of his writing about the experience of standing in his shadow. Various other times throughout Bash? Its text, Saigy? Its writings are referenced to help describe scenes about which Saigy? did not specifically write, which speaks to Bash? Its keeping of Saigy?Its writings and path in his mind throughout his Journey. A connection which is undeniably deeper than that with any other poet is made with Saigy? It because of this. Various other poets and their inspirations are mentioned throughout The Narrow Road Through the Backcountry: the Shirakawa checkpoint ritten about by Kanemori and Noin, and depicted in paintings by Kiyosuke and others, the twin pines in Takekuma, written about by Noin, the sites of old poetic inspiration which Kaemon tours Basho and Sora through, and a plethora of others. All of these sites possess their own feeling and give Basho unique motivations. Some of the places provide morose poetic inspiration, for which Basho is commonly known, while others cause the poet to drift away from his common tone and write in a much more upbeat manner; a testament to the true power of the natural beauty of Japan and impact of historical poets on Basho. This variety calls to the different inspirations which Basho was seeking. Instead of maintaining a stagnant style, as many of the less-travelled poets would have, Bash? Its Journey allows him to not only write about sights that he would have never otherwise experienced, but it also allows him to connect with other writing styles that he ordinarily may not have explored, causing a stark development of his own writing style. A common thread in all of Bash? Its inspirational writers, as pointed out by Haruo Shirane in the essay Double Voices and Bash? Its Haikai in Kerkhams Matsuo Bash?Its Poetic Spaces: Exploring Haikai Intersections, is that all of these writers are considered to be reclusive poets. Though the GenJi (the famous lovers), Ariwara no Narihira and Ono no Komachi were all well recognized and loved for their classical images in Japan, Basho aligned more with these less-renown, reclusive poets (Kerkham 1 11). This points to his history in Zen meditation and his monk-like lifestyle. Bash?Its Journey connects several of the residences of the recluse poets that he idealized before and allows him to unite the poetic forms and pasts of these poets into his own. By giving credit to these poetic redecessors in his works, Basho also changed the way that the ancients were perceived in Japan; causing the known poetic standards to shift from the classic writers of old to the reclusive writers Basho modeled (1 11). This shows the impact of not only the poets on Basho, but his effect on their legacies and the subsequent shift in future Japanese literature as a result. One of the major differences between Basho and the poets he follows is that Basho does not have the religious concerns of actually being a Buddhist monk, which allows him to write more freely. The religious oets had to be concerned with the Buddhist principles of renouncing the phenomenal world in which we live, while that often times met with the conflict of their love for the splendor of nature; this is particularly true of Saigy? It (67-68). In a way, then, Basho was able to take up the task that the priest poets likely would have enjoyed taking on, in being able to truly describe the full impact of nature. By the culmination ot the te xt, Basn? It provides haikus witn a much ditterent and generally upbeat tone, which speaks to his spiritual and intellectual enlightenment and overall hift in writing attitude and style. This enlightenment has been primarily generated by the writings of past poets and their inspirations, as evidenced by his poetry, which nearly always honors the writings and poets who wrote there before him, at some level. Bash? Its questing for inspiration had much larger implications than Just his self- development into a recognized poet, as it caused a dramatic change in the perception of classic Japanese literature and had a monumental impact on the future of Japanese texts. A path once blazed in the spirit of exploration and inspiration is gain used by Basho in the same means, but to a drastically different ends, largely due to the ability of the ancients to inspire and help him develop his art into a form that led to wide acceptance and yielded recognition for those ancients. word count: 1,346 Poets long past-on The long, enlightening road An inspiration Works Cited Kerkham, Eleanor. Matsuo Bashos Poetic Spaces: Exploring Haikai Intersections. 1st ed. New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2006. 66-68; 110-112. Print. Davis, Paul, et al. The Bedford Anthology of World Literature: The Modern World, Present. Compact Edition. Boston: Bedford/St. Martins, 2009. 122-155. Print.

Roe-Deer by Ted Hughes, An Advancement of Learning by Seamus Heaney And The Arrival of The Bees Box by Sylvia Plath Essays

Roe-Deer by Ted Hughes, An Advancement of Learning by Seamus Heaney And The Arrival of The Bees Box by Sylvia Plath Essays Roe-Deer by Ted Hughes, An Advancement of Learning by Seamus Heaney And The Arrival of The Bees Box by Sylvia Plath Paper Roe-Deer by Ted Hughes, An Advancement of Learning by Seamus Heaney And The Arrival of The Bees Box by Sylvia Plath Paper Essay Topic: Poetry Seamus Heaney Poems The Poems of Ted Hughes In the poem Roe-Deer the poet describes the deer as a very secretive and supernatural animal, which, in my opinion has caused the poet to write about his experience. They planted their two or three years of secret deer hood Clear on my snow screen vision of the abnormal. The poet knows that he is not supposed to see the deer, as if they are usually hidden by a snow screen because they do not usually let themselves to be seen at all. He admires the deer and become a part of their secretive society. He says they have a secret deer hood and he suggests, I could think the deer were waiting for me. When the deer run off the poet is disappointed because he feels that they had come for him, when they hadnt. He wishes, The deer had come for me. When the deer disappear Into the boil of big flakes. On the last line of the poem he says that everything returned Back to the ordinary. When the poet sees the animals he feels that the deer are special Clear on my snow-screen vision of the abnormal and is pleased that have come into his own private dimension. They had happened into my dimension The poet thinks about the deers secret lives. He envies them and wishes he could join their company. The poet senses that the deer inhabit a supernatural element, and that the snow makes everything seem abnormal. The snow enhances the poets Vision of the abnormal and when the poet returns back to the ordinary he is disappointed. He also writes about the deer living secret lives that humans dont know about, They planted their two or three years of secret deer hood. The poet regrets that he cannot communicate with the deer however much he wants to become apart of their deer hood. The deer had come for me. This is not true but the poet believes that it is. In the poem, An Advancement of Learning, the poet, Seamus Heaney, has a phobia of rats. The poem is about a person taking a walk and chooses to go under the bridge rather than over it. He notices an animal slime out of the water, it is a rat. The poet stares out the rat although he dislikes it he continues to stare. He describes the rat with its Back bunched and glistening, Ears plastered down on his knobbed skull, This makes the reader feel sick at the poets description of the animal. The poet describes the sighting as a battle, I established a dreaded Bridgehead He trained on me These lines are commonly associated with a war or battle so that is how we view his sighting. At the end of the poem the poet walks over the bridge, meaning he has lost this battle. After the experience with the rat the poet takes a different route rather than the route he usually takes. I took the embankment path (As always deferring The bridge). This is where the poet sees the rat, on the embankment path, so he walks over the bridge instead Then I walked over the bridge. He does this because he is so terrified by the rats that he couldnt stand to see another because it makes him sick feel sick, My throat sickened. So the only way to avoid them is to go over the bridge. The rat made the poet think about his past experiences with rats that lived in his house and yard. When his grey brothers scraped and fed Behind the hen-coop in our yard, On ceiling boards above my bed. The sighting is bringing back his almost forgotten childhood fear of the animal. Forgetting how I used to panic In the poem The Arrival of the Bee Box by Sylvia Plath we learn that the poet wants to be a bee keeper. She requests a box of bees, but when they arrive she is afraid of what they might do. This fear keeps her fascinated by the buzzing box and thinks of what she could do with the boxed bees. The box of bees cause of much anxiety because of the noise coming from the box, It is the noise that appals me most of all, The unintelligible syllables, Because of this noise the poet cant keep away from it, and is very curious about what is inside. And I cant keep away from it. There are no windows so I cant see what is in there. There is only a little grid, no exit. I put my eye to the grid. The poet thinks that she will starve them because she is too afraid to let them free, They can be sent back. They can die, I need feed them nothing, I am the owner. She the decides to set the bees free because she thinks that if they are hungry they will go for food; I wonder how hungry they are. I wonder if they would forget me They might ignore me immediately The poet relates the packing of the bees to the African slave trade, where black Africans were herded into a ship and packed together, squashed, so they could not move. With the swarmy feeling of African hands, Minute and shrunk for export, Black on black, angrily clambering. She also relates the buzzing to an ancient Roman mob that speaks Latin, which needs to be appeased by a Caesar. Its like a Roman mob, Small, taken one by one, but my god, together! I lay my ear to furious Latin. I am not a Caesar. When there is a riot the Caesar at the time would calm the mobs down. She says this because she can hear a language spoken by the bees, the buzzing, but she cant calm them down because she does not speak that language. The poems Roe-Deer and An Advancement of Learning are total contrasts to each other, in Roe-Deer the poet admires the animal, and describes it as a supernatural creature. In An Advancement of Learning the poet has a lot of hate towards the rat and regards it as his enemy, but, in The Arrival of The Bee Box the poet has mixed feelings about the bees, she is afraid of the bees and decides to kill them, but she changes her mind and decides to set them free.

Pros and Cons of Utlizing a Traditional Grading Scale

Pros and Cons of Utlizing a Traditional Grading Scale The traditional grading scale is archaic with roots extending back to early education. This scale is commonplace in schools as most incorporate the traditional A-F grading scale as the core of student assessment. This scale may also have additional components such as incomplete or pass/fail courses. The following example of a traditional grading scale is what most schools in the United States rely on to evaluate student performance. A 90-100%B 80-89%C 70-79%D 60-69%F 0-59%I IncompleteU UnsatisfactoryN Needs ImprovementS Satisfactory In addition, many schools attach a system of pluses and minuses to extend the traditional grading system to quantify and establish a more tiered traditional grading scale. For example, a 90-93 is an A-, 94-96 is an A, and 97-100 is an A The traditional grading scale has been embraced by many schools across the country. This practice does have many opponents who feel that it is outdated and that there are more beneficial alternatives available. The remainder of this article will highlight some of the pros and cons of utilizing the traditional grading scale. Pros of a Traditional Grading Scale The traditional grading scale is universally recognized. Virtually everyone knows that earning an A is good while earning an F is associated with failure.The traditional grading scale is easy to interpret and understand. The simplistic nature of the system makes it user-friendly for teachers, students, and parents.The traditional grading scale allows for direct comparison from one student to another within a specific class. A student with an 88 in a 7th-grade geography class is performing better than another student with a 62 in the same class. Cons of a Traditional Grading Scale The traditional grading scale is easy to manipulate because it is often subjective in nature. For example, one math teacher may require students to show work, while another may only require answers. Therefore, a student making an A in one teachers class may be making a C in another teachers class even though the quality of the work they are doing is identical. This can make it difficult for schools and decision-makers who are trying to compare students using a traditional grading scale.The traditional grading scale is limited because it does not show what a student is learning or what they should be learning. It provides no explanation for why or how a student ended up with a particular grade. The traditional grading scale leads to hours of subjective grading and fosters a testing culture. While it may be simple for teachers to understand, it takes a lot of time to create and grade the assessments that drive the traditional grading system. Furthermore, it promotes a testing culture b ecause they are simpler to score than other assessment practices typically are.

Globalization and media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Globalization and media - Essay Example In an important 2006 article, Schiller asserted that we should reassess any notions we have that the era of cultural domination is over. He looks back over the last quarter century, and draws parallels between the situation faced then, and that with which we are now confronted. On the whole, he concludes that very little has actually changed. Revisiting this comparison is a worthwhile exercise in attempting to distil the essential nature of the debate between those who hold cultural imperialism to be a relevant concept, and those who would have it dismissed as archaic. Schiller noted that in the 1980s, there was a clear division between the western and industrialized ‘First World’, a ‘Second World’ made up largely of the countries aligned to the socialist blocs led by the Soviet Union and the People’s Republic of China, and a ‘Third World’ made up of those countries which had gained independence in recent decades (295). Across all of thes e categories, the United States was, politically and culturally, the most powerful state, with the Third World deliberately being targeted with American cultural exports, and a vision of an American lifestyle to aspire to. As Schiller himself concedes, there have been some important alterations to the global cultural landscape in the intervening decades. For one, the Second World has practically disappeared. Those countries which might still be grouped in this category, such as China and Vietnam, are increasingly open to American and other Western cultural imports, while some, such as the countries of the former Soviet Union in Eastern Europe, became an area in which American-style cultural norms flourished after the collapse of government from Moscow. Furthermore, we are now consciously witnessing the political and economic decline of the United States, in relative terms, when compared to the fast-growing economies of China and India. The Chinese economy, for example, has just over taken the Japanese in order of size. This raises pressing questions about whether American cultural dominance can be sustained in a world where its political dominance in diminished. Schiller argues that ‘Cultural submersion’ to American norms remains powerful, and this term has in fact been broadened beyond just watching American television programs and movies, to shopping in American-style malls and going to theme parks. There is, of course, a change in the cultural sphere which has been even more important than all of this, and that is the broadening of the definition of media, to cover what we now collectively refer to as the ‘social media’ – including the blogosphere and the social networking websites which have proliferated in the past decade. This issue will be discussed in more detail below, but Schiller argues that despite the rise of new media, television retains its former importance. He claims that the emergence of satellite and cable net works has prevented this happening (297). At this point his argument becomes less powerful. In the early 1990s, as the Soviet bloc collapsed and American culture seemed triumphant all over the world, Schiller’s contention stands firm, but in the present decade, with revolutions and uprisings, as well as broader internal debate and opposition being fuelled by websites and forums that are independent of any political authority, the

Airline Industry Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Airline Industry - Dissertation Example Cost of ASK (Available Seat Kilometres) An available seat kilometre in airlines is calculated by multiplying the total number of seats offered by an airline and the total distance flown by an airline (British Airways-a, 2010). The Available seat kilometres for British Airways was found to be 141178 in 2010 which represents a decline from its previous year figures of 148504 in 2009 (British Airways, 2010, p.128). The statistics for its competitors Emirates airlines states the corresponding figures at 161756 which represent a rise from its figures last year that was quoted at 134180 (Emirates Airlines, 2010, p.4). The low value of ASK for British Airways can be largely held accountable to the financial downturn which put a pressure on the profit and revenue margins of the firm. Emirates airlines owning to better fleet management and route optimisation generated a much better performance than its competitor British Airways. Revenue per RPK (Revenue Passenger Kilometres) Revenue passenge r kilometres (RPK) is calculated by multiplying the total number of revenue based passengers and the total air miles flown by the airline (British Airways-a, 2010). A good value of this statistic represents a healthy operational and financial aspect of the organization. The value of RPK for British Airways in 2010 was calculated at 110851 which represent a decline from its figures in the last year which was stated at 114346 in 2009 (British Airways, 2010, p.128). The slump in figures can be attributed to decline in the revenues per passenger as well as reduction in the total air miles flown due to route optimisation owning to pressures from the economic recession. The figures for Emirates airlines however show a distinct and definite opposite trend which is pegged at 126273 representing an improvement from its previous year’s figures of 101762 (Emirates Airlines, 2010, p.123). BELF (Break Even Load Factor) Break Even Load Factor or BELF is a value term expressed in percentage that represents a scenario in which revenues and operating costs become equal. This factor has different values for different flights and includes aspects like seasonal fluctuations and is largely based on the dynamics of demand and supply in the market (Radnoti, 2002, p.99). The Break Even Load Factor for British Airways was found to be 78.5 percent which represents a rise by about 1.5 percent from its figures in the last year. This was mainly reported due to a reduction in revenue from passengers by about 10.9 percent from the previous year (British Airways, 2010, p.16). The Break Even Load Factor for its competitor Emirates Airlines was found to be 64.4 percent which again represents a rise by about 0.3 percent from its corresponding figure quoted last year (Emirates Airlines, 2010, p.123). The major reason for this trend is accountable to the large scale dip in demand for air travel by business as well as individual passengers which was due to the reduction of disposable income and decline in profit margins of the other business travellers. The advent of low cost airlines has also led to a reduction in the

English Speech Journeys Essay Example for Free

English Speech Journeys Essay Journeys can be long, journeys can be short, journeys can be difficult. Life is a journeys, something we all experience. Goodmorning/afternoon fellow students, Mrs. Grant, my understanding of the concept of journey has been expanded through my study of Samuel Coleridge’s poetry of â€Å"Frost at Midnight† and â€Å"This Lime-tree Bower My Prison† to just name a few. Samuel Coleridge was recognised for his romantic and a natural conversational type of poetry. 1. Journeys can be long, journeys can be short, journeys can be difficult. Life is a journeys, something we all experience. Goodmorning/afternoon fellow students, Mrs.  Grant, my understanding of the concept of journey has been expanded through my study of Samuel Coleridge’s poetry of â€Å"Frost at Midnight† and â€Å"This Lime-tree Bower My Prison† to just name a few. Samuel Coleridge was recognised for his romantic and a natural conversational type of poetry. 1. Coleridge’s poetry draws the audience into his imaginary world in a poem such â€Å"Frost at Midnight†, which is using the journey to reach enlightenment and through it we the audience are able to realise some of the values we hold as human being like our family, loved ones, freedom and security. For an example and a quote â€Å"My babe so beautiful! It thrills my heart with tender gladness†. This quote evokes Coleridge’s preciousness, protective love for his son and for his childs future. Coleridge’s poetry draws the audience into his imaginary world in a poem such â€Å"Frost at Midnight†, which is using the journey to reach enlightenment and through it we the audience are able to realise some of the values we hold as human being like our family, loved ones, freedom and security. For an example and a quote â€Å"My babe so beautiful! It thrills my heart with tender gladness†. This quote evokes Coleridge’s preciousness, protective love for his son and for his childs future. 2. 2. The dark gothic atmosphere of the opening creates a sense of mystery. As Coleridge is isolated in a cottage away from everyone else, which Coleridge to recall both on his school life and his happier life as a country man, and to channelled that unhappiness into a resolution that his infant son will not share in Coleridge’s unfortunate imprisonment in the city, but will grow up in the natural surroundings of the countryside. The dark gothic atmosphere of the opening creates a sense of mystery. As Coleridge is isolated in a cottage away from everyone else, which Coleridge to recall both on his school life and his happier life as a country man, and to channelled that unhappiness into a resolution that his infant son will not share in Coleridge’s unfortunate imprisonment in the city, but will grow up in the natural surroundings of the countryside your imagination that changes our approach towards reality and forces us to look more deeply into what we perceive to be true isplay the capacity of language to change us and force us to look more deeply into what we perceive to be true Coleridge expresses his childhood memories through the quietness of the cottage. Which begins Coleridge’s imaginative journey that son It is a beautiful text that portrays the imaginative journey undertaken by an unusual girl; through her reflection of her childhood memories, she is able to go beyond time and reach a state of contentment. The core concept of the story revolves around ‘moving on’ and not dwelling in the past. There is a very sombre tone that resonates in the text. It eventually changes to one of gratification as the character ‘spoke quietly to the gravestone of his son. ’ This contrast of tone highlights the power of the imaginative journey to change us and instils this very notion into our minds.

Taking the Rap :: essays research papers

The role of rap as a music form and the perception of rappers as a whole has changed over the past ten years. It was a slow process for rap as a whole to be accepted as music and eventually be recognized by critics and award ceremonies. The advent of â€Å"gangster† rap brought about a new group of rappers with criminal histories and raunchy over the top lyrics. Many rappers today, like Eminem, have highly publicized criminal histories that overshadow the meaningful messages and damage the careers of otherwise model citizen rappers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Eminem became the next hit in rap in 1999 with extremely violent and shocking lyrics that included descriptions of raping and killing his ex-wife and vicious slurs against homosexuals. I was a fan of the music simply for the shock factor like many teens of the time but I grew tired of it and moved on to more meaningful work. He followed this formula for two more albums which sold over a million copies just like his debut. He then backed up this image with drug, weapons, and assault charges in the following years. Then Eminem discovered the next â€Å"big hit† in rap when he signed 50 Cent, another convicted criminal who survived 9 bullet wounds. These are just a few cases of the media hyped crimes of a few rappers. All of these deliquent activities were used to stereotype rappers as a whole, while many other rapper’s positive activities and attempts for career advancement went unnoticed or were hindered.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During the same time Eminem released his controversial albums rap acts like Outkast, Goodie Mob, Mos Def, and The Roots produced albums with positive life morals, uplifting messages, and politically charged lyrics. I was displeased to see some of the albums sell well but gain none of the notoriety of the artists constantly in the news. Only rap fans and a few music critics were aware of these positive notes, while the rest of society only got the news story of the most recent rapper’s unlawful blunder. The effects were not fully realized until a large promotional deal between rapper Ludacris and Pepsi came to light.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ludacris signed a multi-commercial ad campaign with Pepsi in 2002 when the company began to look for a â€Å"hipper† image. Ludacris uses profane language and mature situations in his lyrics but it is humorous and so over the top it is obvious it is a persona that he knew would sell.

Cavleta Dining Services, Inc: A Recipe for Growth? Essay

What role (if any) have Calveta’s values played in the organization’s success? Calveta’s values played a significant role in the business’ success. He motivates and empowers the members of the staff. Antonio ensured that staff members viewed themselves as valued members of the organization and understands that their job is to take care of their clients, respectfully. The same approach was used with the clients ensuring them that the goal of the organization was to fully take care of their needs 2.Does Calveta’s operating approach offer a sustainable competitive advantage? Calveta’s current operating approach offers a sustainable competitive advantage. Calveta empowered employees to achieve their fullest potential. It was stated that in concept that the employees are the most important capital in the company and in order to uphold that concept the company invested in their employees and offered growth potential. Promote from within culture was evident at Calveta. 3.Why haven’t other food service providers copied Calveta’s approach? Antonio Calveta’s approach is the base for his organization. He worked hard to maintain the mission of the company. As a result of this, it would be difficult to duplicate his approach. The goal of the majority of companies is to make a high profit and that’s all that they would work towards. However, Calveta’s promise to deliver fresh products and provide great service creates a good profit margin without it being their focus. Calveta’s approach is costly to them but it works and produces a profit. Most other companies would not utilize such methods for fear of losing their profits. 4.Given Calveta’s communication and internal organizational challenges, how important will training and development be to maintaining growth and culture? Training and professional development are key to the maintenance of any company’s growth and culture. Leaders of any strong company should realize that improving skill set, increasing knowledge, and employees’ job satisfaction are important to the positive growth of the company. Providing training and development provides opportunities for workers to gain managerial skills and gain managerial skills and gain upward mobility in the company. 5.Calveta’s fifth goal is profitable growth. Goals one through four are more ethical in nature. Is goal five inconsistent with the first four? I believe that the fifth goal is consistent with the first set of goals. Goals one through four focuses on the clients and the employees, which are aligned to the company’s vision and mission. Once goals one through four are achieved, then goal five will automatically be attained because with increased clients, comes increased profits. 6.How, if at all, should Calveta’s organizational structure be changed to resolve communication issues, preserve the company’s culture, and support future growth? An internal survey usually is a useful tool to gauge employees’ dissatisfaction. From the collection of data, an action plan needs to be put in place to address the levels of dissatisfaction. In order to safeguard the company’s culture and support future growth, Calveta must achieve an acceptable level of communication among its units and departments’ heads. Restructuring will be an advantageous way of maintaining the Antonio’s way of culture. Effective cross-boundary work and collaboration required for dealing with complexity and change is required. Increasing engagement within the top leadership team and employees will help the company grow. 7.Should Frank Calveta move forward with an expansion into the hospital sector? With the proposed acquisition? Due to the current financial situation with the company the expansion into the hospital sector should be put on hold at this time. The expansion into the hospital industry should be proposal for a goal for future growth possibility. The proposed acqusitions advantages are ripe for expanding however, Calveta needs to clear up its financial and business issues before expanding with GSD.

How Information Technology has Impacted My Daily Life Essay

In the twenty-first century, information technology (IT) is at the core of most business activities (Laube xiii). IT is also at the core of many personal activities. Like many U.S. Americans, my personal and professional activities relay heavily on the use of technology. From the alarm clock in the morning to the computer at work, technology plays a vital part of my everyday life. Technology enhances the ease and simplicity of activities and adds convenience to life. Although, when these technologies fail to operate correctly, they disrupt daily activities and hinder productivity. It is six in the morning and my cell phone rings. It is my alarm clock. Due to technological advances, I no longer have a need for a traditional alarm clock. I do not have to worry about waking up late because of a power outage at night. Although, if I forget to charge my cell phone battery or the volume is off, then this great convenience disrupts my daily routine. The cell phone has also eliminated my need for a land-line house phone. The cell phone is an immense expediency and allows me mobile contact with anyone, no matter where I am. In addition, the camera in my cell phone is extremely handy. This feature allows me capture a cute moment in time of my daughter at times when I would not normally have my regular camera with me. I can print, download, or send these pictures to friends and family. My cell phone also acts as a notepad and calculator. For example, if I am driving and think of something I need to write down, I can simply record myself a message and write it down later. This is not only a convenience, but also serves as a safety method. In addition, if I am in the store and need to calculate a sale price or total, I only need to go as far as my purse for assistance. The cell phone reduces my need for many other modern day conveniences and also reduces the number of items I have to carry in my purse. If my cell phone was lost or not operating correctly, it would terribly impede my daily activities because I depend on it for so many different matters. Besides the computer, the cell phone is one of the most utilized and revered technological devices in my life. The computer aids me both in my personal and professional life, as it is used for a vast variety of activities. I utilize the computer for work, fun,  relaxation, and money. I would be lost without a working computer and internet connection. At work, everything I do depends on using the computer. I use the computer to look up client information, log client contacts, run proposals and ledgers, keep up to date on industry and company happenings, and to stay in contact via email with clients and co-workers. At home, I use the computer for a number of different tasks. Tracking and logging my finances depends on computer usage, as I do my banking and pay bills online. This eliminates the need for paper statements and bills. Word processing programs and the internet enable me to complete homework assignments without even leaving the comfort of my own home. Email allows me to stay in contact with my group members for school as well. Computer technology also permits me to supplement my regular income by selling items online. Websites, such as ebay.com and half.com, make it quick and easy to earn money by selling stuff I no longer need or use. The computer is not all work and no play though. I use email to stay in contact with friends and family. The internet is used to play online games, watch television shows, or download music, all of which are a source of relaxation for me. Without a properly operating computer and internet connection, my life would be extremely difficult. Many peoples personal and professional lives revolve around technology, including mine. From cell phones to computers, the world depends on technology to survive. Technology serves as a means of communicating, gathering and obtaining information, and convenience. When these technologies fail though, daily life can be extremely difficult, or even disastrous, due to the immense dependence on technological devices. Work Cited: Laube, David R. and Raymond F. Zammuto, eds. Business Driven InformationTechnology: Answers to 100 Critical Questions for Every Manger. Stanford, CA: Stanford UP, 2003.

Interest Groups essays

Interest Groups essays An interest group is an organized group of individuals who share common objectives and who actively attempt to influence policymakers in all three branches of the government and at all levels. Encompassing primarily corporations, other business associations, citizen groups, unions, and professional associations, interest groups participate in every aspect of policy-making in the U.S. People join interest groups to further their political aims by taking action for their beliefs or principles. If I was to join an interest group I would join Greenpeace. Greenpeace is a non-profit organization that focuses on the most crucial worldwide threats to our planets biodiversity and environment. They are the leading independent campaigning organization that uses non-violent direct action and creative communication to expose global environmental problems and to promote solutions that are vital to a green and peaceful future. It is a global organization, with a presence in 40 countries across Europe, the Americas, Asia and the Pacific. Greenpeace campaigns to stop climate change, protect ancient forests, save the oceans, protect whales, eliminate the threat of genetic engineering, end the nuclear age, and eliminate toxic chemicals. Greenpeace was founded in 1971 when a small group of activists sailed to Alaska to bear witness to underground nuclear test that the U.S. Government was conducting. Greenpeace works to expose environmental criminals, and to challenge government and corporations when they fail to live up to their mandate to safeguard our environment and our future. They promote open, informed debate about societys environmental choices. They use research, lobbying, and quiet diplomacy to pursue their goals. Greenpeace is funded by its 2.5 million members worldwide (250,000 from the U.S.). In April 2002, several miles off the coast of Florida, two Greenpeace activists boarded the Jade - a ship carrying wood illegally expo...

Introduction to the Custom of Sati

Introduction to the Custom of Sati Sati or suttee is the ancient Indian and Nepalese practice of burning a widow on her husbands funeral pyre or burying her alive in his grave. This practice is associated with Hindu traditions.  The name is taken from the goddess Sati, wife of Shiva, who burned herself to protest her fathers ill-treatment of her husband.  The term sati can also apply to the widow who commits the act. The word sati comes from the feminine present participle of the Sanskrit word  asti, meaning she is true/pure.  While it has been most common in India and Nepal, examples have occurred in other traditions from as far afield as Russia, Vietnam, and Fiji. Pronunciation: suh-TEE or SUHT-ee Alternate Spellings: suttee Seen as a Proper Finale to a Marriage According to custom, Hindu sati was supposed to be voluntary, and often it was seen as the proper finale to a marriage. It was considered to be the signature act of a dutiful wife, who would want to follow her husband into the afterlife. However, many accounts exist of women who were forced to go through with the rite. They may have been drugged, thrown into the fire, or tied up before being placed on the pyre or into the grave. In addition, the strong societal pressure was exerted on women to accept sati, particularly if they had no surviving children to support them. A widow had no social standing in traditional society and was considered a drag on resources. It was almost unheard-of for a woman to remarry after her husbands death, so even very young widows were expected to kill themselves. History of Sati Sati first appears in the historical record during the reign of the Gupta Empire, c. 320 to 550 CE.  Thus, it may be a relatively recent innovation in the extremely long history of Hinduism. During the Gupta period, incidents of sati began to be recorded with inscribed memorial stones, first in Nepal in 464 CE, and then in Madhya Pradesh from 510 CE. The practice spread to Rajasthan, where it has happened most frequently over the centuries. Initially, sati seems to have been limited to royal and noble families from the Kshatriya caste (warriors and princes). Gradually, however, it percolated down into the lower castes. Some areas such as Kashmir became particularly known for the prevalence of sati among people of all classes and stations in life. It seems to have really taken off between the 1200s and 1600s CE. As the Indian Ocean trade routes brought Hinduism to Southeast Asia, the practice of sati also moved into new lands during the 1200s to 1400s. An Italian missionary and traveler recorded that widows in the Champa kingdom of what is now Vietnam practiced sati in the early 1300s. Other medieval travelers found the custom in Cambodia, Burma, the Philippines, and parts of what is now Indonesia, particularly on the islands of Bali, Java, and Sumatra. In Sri Lanka, interestingly, sati was practiced only by queens; ordinary women were not expected to join their husbands in death. The Banning of Sati Under the rule of the Muslim Mughal emperors, sati was banned more than once. Akbar the Great first outlawed the practice around the year 1500; Aurangzeb tried to end it again in 1663, after a trip to Kashmir where he witnessed it. During the European  colonial period, Britain, France, and the Portuguese all tried to stamp out the practice of sati. Portugal outlawed it in Goa as early as 1515. The British East India Company imposed a ban on sati in the city of Calcutta only in 1798. To prevent unrest, at that time the BEIC did not allow Christian missionaries to work within its territories in India.  However, the issue of sati became a rallying point for British Christians, who pushed legislation through the House of Commons in 1813 to allow missionary work in India specifically to end practices like sati.   By 1850, British colonial attitudes against sati had hardened. Officials like Sir Charles Napier threatened to hang for murder any Hindu priest who advocated or presided over a widow-burning. British officials put intense pressure on the rulers of the princely states to outlaw sati, as well. In 1861, Queen Victoria issued a proclamation banning sati throughout her domain in India. Nepal officially banned it in 1920. Prevention of Sati Act Today, Indias  Prevention of Sati Act  (1987) makes it illegal to coerce or encourage anyone to commit sati. Forcing someone to commit sati can be punished by death. Nonetheless, a small number of widows still choose to join their husbands in death; at least four instances have been recorded between the year 2000 and 2015. Examples In 1987, a Rajput man was arrested after the sati death of his daughter-in-law, Roop Kunwar, who was just 18 years old.

Japanese Attacks on Pearl Harbor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Japanese Attacks on Pearl Harbor - Essay Example Pearl Harbor resulted in American participation in World War II. On the next day of attack, US declared war against Japan with equal support of American congress. US did not respond as per the requirements because US had already promised Britain support against Germany. Aim of this paper is to study the reasons that compelled Japan to launch a surprise attack on US naval forces in pacific with a view to study American response to Pearl Harbor attack. Japan moved its aircraft carriers for about 4000 miles deep into the ocean to help the air force to take off for launching attack on Pearl Harbor. The dawn of 7 December 1941 witnessed the destruction of American naval fleet at Pearl Harbor. It was a great the in the history of military combats. Japanese air force launched attack in two waves. Japan used six aircraft carries for launching its air force against the US fleet (Clausen & Lee 2001). Japanese air force played havoc in the first wave and caused sudden destruction of American battleships. Total destruction could not be caused as main air craft carriers of American naval forces were sailing hundred miles away from the Pearl Harbor. Commander Mitsuo led the attack on Pearl Harbor. Attack caused 3500 hundred death and wound injuries to American troops. Eight main battleships including USS Arizona were destroyed in the attack (Borch & Martinez 2005). US Arizona got blasted because of fire in ammunition magazine of the ship and then sunk in a short time. There were numerous objectives behind Japanese attack on pacific fleet. ... US Arizona got blasted because of fire in ammunition magazine of the ship and then sunk in a short time. There were numerous objectives behind Japanese attack on pacific fleet. Main reasons of attack were as under. US president Roosevelt had imposed economic and military sanctions on Japan in retaliation to Chinese invasion by Japan American continuously warned Japan to end the war in China through peaceful negotiations (Prange, et al 1988). All exports of oil, robber and iron were banned on Japan. This started severely damaging economy of Japan. Japan could no longer bear the crippling effects of American sanctions on it s economy and military. Sanctions put real strain on oil supply to Japan as Japan lost more than 90% of oil supplies due to crippling sanctions (Clausen & Lee 2001). These American sanctions filled hatred for Americans in the hearts of Japanese and they started preparing for teaching America a bitter lesson in Pearl Harbor. Breakout of Second World War cleared the w estern intentions towards Japan. Japanese government had noticed western hostilities towards its territory (Wohlstetter 1962). This made Japan more vigilant for its security in the region. Japan never wanted its forces to withdraw from China. US were pressing hard to start negotiations with Chinese authorities to end the conflict. Japan was not ready to take serious notice of American protest against the invasion of China. Japan was keen in expanding its borders for economic needs (Morison 2001). US never wanted expansion of Japan because of its own vested interests in the region. Japan also adopted the diplomatic way to convince US but US did not agree on Japan’s terms. Japan wanted its territorial expansion in Asia, free of American

Summarize chopin's The Story Of An Hour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Summarize chopin's The Story Of An Hour - Essay Example On the list of people who were killed in the accident, he saw Brently Mallard, Mrs. Mallard’s husband. He went to the house to tell her. Although Josephine and Richard’s feared that the news would kill Mrs. Mallard, the news made her happy. The more Mrs. Mallard thought about her husband being dead, the better she felt. She relished the idea and was getting used to it. Just as she was feeling free, she looked out her window and saw many images that were also a sign of freedom. For example, Mrs. Mallard observed the impending spring rain, the songs of the birds, and the blue sky. Mrs. Mallard was happy for the first time in her life. She would not be under the thumb of her husband anymore and she would be able to live as she wanted. â€Å"Free, Free, Free† (par. 10) she exclaims, as a rush of that freedom washed over her while she sat in the chair. She was giddy from the thought of this wonderful freedom. Mrs. Mallard felt so happy that she cried and laughed at th e same time. She, nor her family thought that perhaps Mr. Mallard had not been on the train. When Mr. Mallard walks through the door, as though nothing had happened, Mrs. Mallard felt a sudden sense of shock and disappointment. As a result, Mrs. Mallard’s heart gave out and she died of

Revenue Management in Hospitality Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Revenue Management in Hospitality - Assignment Example YM majorly focuses on revenue generation and management by emphasizing the concept of ‘4 C’s’, comprising Calendar, Clock, Capacity and Cost associated with forecasting of demand. From the provided case study, it has been identified that Aldermar Resorts & Spas is a premium and luxurious family run company that specializes in the hotel industry and is located in Greece. The business is recognised to be facing a number of problems associated with fluctuations in demand patterns. Hence, the operation management consultant is to concentrate on the development of an YM strategy that would replace the existing strategy used by the company in order to ensure effectiveness and success of the YM performance in the business operations. The report would outline the importance and applicability of YM in enhancement of performance and would assess the impact of CRM integration in YM. Furthermore, the report would concentrate on discussion of the various job roles that must be adhered by the staff members concerned with the implementation of YM. Moreover, the report would examine the strategies that can be used by Aldermar Resorts & Spas to enhance performance and mitigat e the problems. Finally, the report would disclose a number of YM metrics that the firm needs to consider for performance assessment and generation of higher revenues. YM is considered as one of the prominent tools to determine the risks associated with decisions taken by the firm to ensure generation of higher performance and revenues in the present as well as future markets. Aldermar Resorts & Spas comprises eight properties that have a distinct client mix including conference guests, individual clients and tour operators. Each of the eight properties is concerned with application of a unique product mix, which assures successful application of the YM strategy with due consideration to the available resources. The problem of high fluctuations

Examining the theory of mind hypothesis for autism

Examining the theory of mind hypothesis for autism The Theory of Mind (TofM) hypothesis for autism has been investigated extensively in the last 30 years. This essay will review the literature which examines this theory, considering a wide range of methodological and theoretical approaches. It will be argued that whilst there are several strengths of the theory, the TofM hypothesis cannot account for the non-social symptoms of ASD, and therefore cannot be considered to provide a comprehensive account of the disorder. Cognitive evidence (including a range of TofM tests), theoretical issues, and alternative hypotheses of autism will be considered. What is the Theory of Mind Hypothesis for Autism? The TofM hypothesis of autism was first proposed by Baron-Cohen, Leslie and Frith in 1985. It proposed that individuals with autism lack a TofM, leading them to have specific deficits, such as an inability to partake in pretend play and impairment in social skills. The theory has been controversial since its proposal, with several alternative hypotheses being suggested. Cognitive Evidence The earliest tests of TofM ability often relied heavily on tests of false belief, in which participants are required to understand that other people do not necessarily know (or believe) the same as them. For example, Baron-Cohen, Leslie and Frith (1985) investigated TofM ability in children with autism and children with Downs syndrome, and found those with autism were significantly impaired in their understanding of false belief, suggesting a deficit in TofM ability in autism, and thereby supporting the TofM hypothesis for autism. Similar tests involving false belief, such as those carried out by Happe (1995), have supported findings by Baron-Cohen, Leslie and Frith (1985), providing strong support for the TofM hypothesis of autism. The principle problem in using false belief tests is their reliance on language use. (Bloom and German, 2000). Colle, Baron-Cohen and Hill (2007) investigated concerns that a potential inability to understand language associated with false belief tasks may result in individuals with autism failing these tasks, despite have the TofM ability required to pass tests (e.g. Bloom and German, 2000). They used a non-verbal false belief test to compare the TofM understanding of children with ASD to children with SLI, and found that autistic children have specific deficits in TofM which were not present in the SLI control group. They concluded that previous findings of a TofM deficit by research using standard tests of false belief (e.g. Surian and Leslie, 1999) were unlikely to have been confounded by language ability, thereby revalidating claims made by this research. However, there are other issues associated with the reliability of false belief tasks. For example, Bloom and German (2000) have suggested that a single test of TofM is unlikely to comprehensively test all elements of TofM ability in an individual. Furthermore, whilst research in the field shows the majority of autistic participants fail tests of false belief, a small minority of high-functioning autistic individuals pass the test (e.g. Baron-Cohen, Leslie and Frith, 1985). This has raised questions regarding the ability of false belief tests to recognise subtle deficits in TofM ability potentially shown in the high-functioning autistic population (Rutherford, Baron-Cohen and Wheelwright, 2002). As a result, new research in the field has often focused on using alternative tests of TofM. The Reading the Mind in the Eyes test (Baron-Cohen et al., 2001) is an alternative to false belief tasks, in which participants are required to recognise emotions based on images of a persons eyes. To pass this test, participants must rely on subtle cues indicated in the eyes, thereby indicating ability in mental state understanding, or TofM. Baron-Cohen et al. (2001) used this test to show that individuals with ASD are significantly impaired in their ability to recognise emotions using subtle cues, thereby indicating a deficit in TofM ability. A similar test was used by Rutherford, Baron-Cohen and Wheelwright (2002) and Golan et al. (2007) in which participants were required to establish how a person was feeling after listening to a phrase spoken by that person. This test also indicated social impairments caused by a deficit in TofM ability in ASD, as participants with ASD were significantly impaired in their ability to recognise emotions using vocal cues. Research into TofM ability using the Reading the Mind in the Eyes test is particularly beneficial in supporting the TofM hypothesis. Methodologically, the test does not rely on language comprehension, and therefore passing or failing the test is based purely on TofM ability. Both the Reading the Mind in the Eyes test and the Voice variation are able to detect subtle differences in participants social sensitivity, allowing for deficits to be identified in populations that often pass false belief tasks (such as individuals with high-functioning Autism, Baron-Cohen, Leslie and Frith, 1985), and thereby suggesting the TofM hypothesis is generalisable and universal across the highly varied autistic population. The Faux Pas test was also developed by Baron-Cohen et al. (1999), and assesses recognition of faux pas (defined as being when something is said without consideration of whether the information may be something that the listener does not wish to hear or know, Baron-Cohen et al., 1999). In 2009, Zalla et al. investigated faux pas recognition ability in individuals with Aspergers syndrome using the Faux Pas test, and found these individuals made significantly more errors in detecting faux pas than typically developing individuals, were unable to correctly justify the speakers behaviour and were unable to comprehend the impact of this behaviour. Zalla et al. (2009) concluded that this showed a specific deficit in TofM ability in individuals with ASD. Methodologically, research using tests of faux pas lend strong support for the ToM hypothesis for autism by using an alternative test to false belief tasks. Using faux pas tests helps to revalidate claims made by the theory, which could have been considered questionable if relying purely on false belief tests. As a result, these tests provide strong support for the theory that individuals with autism have deficits in TofM. The TofM hypothesis for autism is also strongly supported by research into joint attention ability in autism (Baron-Cohen, 2009). Evidence suggests that joint attention and TofM ability are linked, such that early joint attention ability is a precursor to TofM ability (e.g. Charman et al., 2000). Furthermore, research has indicated that joint attention skills are significantly impaired in infants with ASD. For example, Charman (2003) investigated joint attention ability in infants (aged 20 months) with autism, and found significant deficits. Charman then assessed the social and communication symptoms of these infants at 42 months, and found that symptom severity was correlated with joint attention disability indicated at 20 months. Colombi et al. (2009) also found that young autistic children show joint attention deficits. As joint attention ability is considered to be a precursor for TofM ability, this suggests that TofM deficits are present from infancy or birth in individuals with ASD. This thereby provides support for the TofM hypothesis as a causal account of autism, by suggesting that a TofM deficit may be a primary deficit. This concept is supported by research into symptom severity and TofM ability. In 2003, Tager-Flusberg et al. used a battery of tests to assess TofM ability and symptom severity in autistic participants, and found that severity of social and communication symptoms was partially explained by TofM impairment. These conclusions imply that TofM deficits are causal in producing the social and communication impairments shown in ASD, thereby supporting claims made by the TofM hypothesis that a deficit causes symptoms associated with the condition. In 2007, Tager-Flusberg presented one of the most comprehensive reviews of the hypothesis to date. She assessed evidence which addressed key issues associated with the theory (for example, why some children pass false belief tasks, and whether a TofM deficit can account for all deficits associated with autism), evaluating a wide range of evidence (including cognitive testing and neurological evidence). She concluded that whilst there is a TofM deficit in autism, the hypothesis cannot account for all deficits in social-affective information processing associated with the condition. The issue raised by Tager-Flusberg (2007) is perhaps the most important weakness in the TofM hypothesis. Whilst the theory provides an explanation for social and communication deficits typically found in ASD (as successful communication skills require TofM ability, Baron-Cohen, 2009), there is no evidence to suggest that a TofM deficit may account for symptoms such as repetitive behaviour, obsessively pursued interests, and dislike of change (Baron-Cohen, 2009). Joseph and Tager-Flusberg (2004) investigated TofM deficits and repetitive behaviour in ASD, and found no correlation between deficits and severity of repetitive symptoms, thereby supporting the suggestion that the TofM hypothesis cannot account for repetitive behaviour. As a result, the theory cannot be considered comprehensive in terms of explaining all possible symptoms associated with autism. Another issue associated with the TofM hypothesis is that individuals with other disorders have also shown deficits in TofM. For example, Brune (2005) found that individuals with schizophrenia showed significant impairment in TofM, and associated impairments in social behaviour and emotion recognition, similar to deficits shown by individuals with autism. The TofM hypothesis for autism provides no explanation for how autistic individuals are unique in their symptoms, when other conditions exist which show similar TofM impairment. A theoretical constraint associated with the TofM hypothesis is the potentially ambiguous nature of the term TofM. The hypothesis is complicated by debates surrounding the nature of TofM ability in typical individuals. The two principle theories of TofM (Theory Theory and Simulation Theory) explain autism in terms of an inability to form thoughts, representations, and hypotheses about the social world (Theory Theory), or alternatively in terms of an inability to simulate the mental states of others (Simulation Theory) (Currie, 1996). Until an absolute theory of TofM can be established, any evidence in support of a TofM hypothesis for autism remains ambiguous in terms of exactly what deficits individuals with autism have (i.e. deficits described by Theory Theory or deficits suggested by Simulation Theory). When considering the literature investigating the TofM hypothesis, it is worthwhile acknowledging the wide body of neurological research. Research in this field provides strong support for a TofM deficit in ASD, with studies such as those by Kana et al. (2009), Mason et al. (2008), and Dapretto et al. (2006) suggesting abnormal brain activation in autistic participants in brain regions associated with TofM. However, research into a neurological basis for autism has also emphasised the issues associated with the TofM hypothesis. For example, Hadjikhani (2007) state that it is unclear whether dysfunction in brain regions associated with TofM could explain behavioural symptoms shown in autism (such as repetitive behaviour and concrete thought), or how structural and functional brain abnormalities originate in autistic individuals. This research highlights the key strengths and weaknesses associated with the TofM hypothesis as a cognitive account of autism, and reinforces cognitive resea rch suggesting the hypothesis cannot be considered as a comprehensive account of the condition. Summary The preceding review provides strong evidence to support a deficit in TofM in autism, which is likely to be present from birth. The review also suggests that symptom severity can be at least partially accounted for by degree of TofM deficit. However, there are significant issues when considering the TofM hypothesis for autism. These issues include an inability of the hypothesis to explain how non-social symptoms can be accounted for by a TofM deficit, a lack of explanation of the significant symptom variability shown in the autistic population, as well as theoretical constraints. Until these issues are addressed, the TofM hypothesis cannot be considered as a comprehensive account of autism. Alternative Theories of Autism The issues associated with the TofM hypothesis led to a range of alternative theories of autism being developed, which must be considered when reviewing literature investigating the TofM hypothesis. One of the first theories to be proposed since the TofM hypothesis was the Executive Dysfunction theory (Ozonoff, Pennington and Rogers, 1991). This theory contradicted the TofM hypothesis, in that it proposed that individuals with autism have deficits in executive function ability (Yerys et al., 2006). This theory became popular in autism research, as the theory appeared to provide more comprehensive accounts of the autistic traits (both social and non-social) presented in these individuals daily (Hill, 2004). Furthermore, a large number of investigations found executive dysfunction in autistic individuals. For example, Ozonoff and McEvoy (2008) examined cognitive development in autistic individuals over a three-year period, and found significant deficits in executive functioning. McEvoy , Rogers and Pennington (2006) also found a deficit in executive functioning in autism. However, recent research has suggested that executive dysfunction may be secondary to the autism. Yerys et al. (2006) investigated executive function in young children with ASD and found no evidence of dysfunction, suggesting that executive dysfunction in adults with ASD has developed gradually and is not a causal factor of the condition. Dawson et al. (2002) also found evidence for normal executive function ability in young autistic children, and concluded that dysfunction found at a later age was a consequence of living with the disorder. As a result, whilst this theory initially appeared to provide a valid and reliable alternative to the TofM hypothesis for autism, there is now strong evidence to refute executive dysfunction as a causal account of autism, and this research cannot be considered to provide evidence to invalidate the TofM hypothesis. A more successful theory was proposed by Baron-Cohen (2008) as a development of the TofM hypothesis of autism. The Empathizing-Systemizing theory proposes that individuals with autism have deficits in understanding others mental states and responding appropriately (empathy), but have an average or above average systemizing ability (i.e. using rules and regularities to analyze and construct systems). As a result, autistic individuals show deficits in social ability (caused by empathy deficits) and non-social symptoms such as repetitive behaviours, obsessively pursued interests, and dislike of change (caused by average or above systemizing ability) (Baron-Cohen, 2009). This theory is particularly successful for several reasons. From a methodological perspective, the theory provides an explanation for both social and non-social symptoms of autism, a key issue in the TofM hypothesis. The theory also explains the uniqueness of autism, such that whilst other conditions may show deficits in empathy (e.g. schizophrenia, Montag et al., 2007), no other condition also shows average or above average systemizing ability (Baron-Cohen, 2009). The theory is also strongly supported by research. For example, Lawson et al. (2004) investigated empathizing and systemizing in participants with ASD and typically developing controls, and found those with ASD were significantly worse at empathizing than controls, but were not significantly different in their ability to systemize. Wakabayashi et al. (2007) found individuals with ASD were impaired in their ability to empathize, but significantly better than typical controls in their ability to systemize. This theory has therefore become a valid and reliable alternative to the TofM hypothesis for autism. Conclusions This essay has reviewed the literature which critically examines the TofM hypothesis for autism. It is clear that whilst there is adequate evidence to suggest a TofM deficit in autistic individuals, the hypothesis cannot account for non-social elements of ASD. New theories of autism must incorporate the concept of TofM deficits, whilst aiming to account for all social and non-social symptoms, as well as symptom variability and severity. A greater emphasis on the understanding how cognitive deficits associated with autism generate the symptoms shown in the condition would have important implications for the development of interventions aimed at improving social skills and symptom management in individuals with autism.

Cloning Essay -- essays research papers fc

Cloning. Many people associate it with science-fiction novels, not with real life, but animal cloning is a process that is being attempted today all over the world, and human cloning might be next. But should cloning be made illegal? According to the Washington Post, cloning should be made illegal because all nursery rhymes would have to be rewritten: Mary didn’t have a lamb, she had two lambs and a sister named Bridget who looked exactly like her. Mary and Bridget went to school one day with both lambs, but the school board threw them out as cloning was against the rules. Also, the role of the father is not important in cloning. He can make one child, but the next is done by Xerox machine. Cloned children, however, would also celebrate Father’s Day. All cloning should be made completely illegal because such an insignificant amount of births are successful, nearly all clones have health problems, and the technology is far from perfected.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Very few animal clones make it to birth, and the ones that do usually have serious health problems, including physical deformities (such as enlarged umbilical cords) to life-threatening conditions (like being born with no immune system) (Boyce 42). Less than three percent of all cloning attempts succeed: â€Å" . . . scientists have good reason to be pessimistic: several years of animal cloning work has taught them that most cloned animals never even make it to birth and the rare ones that do all too frequently have [serious health] problems† (Boyce 42). Because of all of these facts, cloning should never even be considered on human beings. â€Å"Scientists estimate that fewer than a quarter of [cloned] newborns would survive without intensive care† (Boyce 43).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A very high probability of animal clones having all sorts of problems including poorly developed lungs and failing hearts, to grossly enlarged placentas and misshapen heads exist in all cloning attempts. Any attempts to clone a human with today’s technology would almost always produce a child with some sort of defect, whether major or minor. â€Å"Many [cloned animal] newborns have poorly developed lungs. And cattle have been born with deformed heads† (Boyce 42). Scientists say that they see some sort of genetic problem almost every time they clone and they do not know what is wrong with the cloning process, or why the cl... ... not have enough room to develop in the uterus. Cloned animals have nearly always had some sort of obvious defect, and the ones that do not look normal almost always are not really normal. Also, there are 30,000 genes and the chances are extremely small that an egg cell would reprogram all of these genes correctly (Kolata 1). As a result, the clones are not normal. Because of all of this, cloning should be made illegal. ********************************** Works Cited Boyce, Nell. â€Å"Multiplicity Perils. A Human is Likely To Be Cloned and Soon. Is It Worth the Risk?† U.S. News & World Report 19 Mar 2001: 42-43. Griffith, Victoria. â€Å"Scientists To Lend Weight To Attack On Human Cloning.† Financial Times 28 Mar 2001: 6. Kolata, Gina. â€Å"Researchers Find Big Risk of Defect in Cloning Animals.† New York Times 25 Mar 2001: 1. Josefson, Deborah. â€Å"Scientists Plan Human Cloning Clinic in the United States.† British Medical Journal 10 Feb 2001: 315. McPherson, Coco. â€Å"Creation Myths.† The Village Voice 13 Feb 2001: 12. â€Å"Why Not Human Clones?† The Christian Century 21 Feb 2001: 5. Zitner, Aaron. â€Å"House Sets the Stage for Debate on the Cloning of Humans.† The Los Angeles Times 25 Mar 2001: A.20. Cloning Essay -- essays research papers fc Cloning. Many people associate it with science-fiction novels, not with real life, but animal cloning is a process that is being attempted today all over the world, and human cloning might be next. But should cloning be made illegal? According to the Washington Post, cloning should be made illegal because all nursery rhymes would have to be rewritten: Mary didn’t have a lamb, she had two lambs and a sister named Bridget who looked exactly like her. Mary and Bridget went to school one day with both lambs, but the school board threw them out as cloning was against the rules. Also, the role of the father is not important in cloning. He can make one child, but the next is done by Xerox machine. Cloned children, however, would also celebrate Father’s Day. All cloning should be made completely illegal because such an insignificant amount of births are successful, nearly all clones have health problems, and the technology is far from perfected.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Very few animal clones make it to birth, and the ones that do usually have serious health problems, including physical deformities (such as enlarged umbilical cords) to life-threatening conditions (like being born with no immune system) (Boyce 42). Less than three percent of all cloning attempts succeed: â€Å" . . . scientists have good reason to be pessimistic: several years of animal cloning work has taught them that most cloned animals never even make it to birth and the rare ones that do all too frequently have [serious health] problems† (Boyce 42). Because of all of these facts, cloning should never even be considered on human beings. â€Å"Scientists estimate that fewer than a quarter of [cloned] newborns would survive without intensive care† (Boyce 43).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A very high probability of animal clones having all sorts of problems including poorly developed lungs and failing hearts, to grossly enlarged placentas and misshapen heads exist in all cloning attempts. Any attempts to clone a human with today’s technology would almost always produce a child with some sort of defect, whether major or minor. â€Å"Many [cloned animal] newborns have poorly developed lungs. And cattle have been born with deformed heads† (Boyce 42). Scientists say that they see some sort of genetic problem almost every time they clone and they do not know what is wrong with the cloning process, or why the cl... ... not have enough room to develop in the uterus. Cloned animals have nearly always had some sort of obvious defect, and the ones that do not look normal almost always are not really normal. Also, there are 30,000 genes and the chances are extremely small that an egg cell would reprogram all of these genes correctly (Kolata 1). As a result, the clones are not normal. Because of all of this, cloning should be made illegal. ********************************** Works Cited Boyce, Nell. â€Å"Multiplicity Perils. A Human is Likely To Be Cloned and Soon. Is It Worth the Risk?† U.S. News & World Report 19 Mar 2001: 42-43. Griffith, Victoria. â€Å"Scientists To Lend Weight To Attack On Human Cloning.† Financial Times 28 Mar 2001: 6. Kolata, Gina. â€Å"Researchers Find Big Risk of Defect in Cloning Animals.† New York Times 25 Mar 2001: 1. Josefson, Deborah. â€Å"Scientists Plan Human Cloning Clinic in the United States.† British Medical Journal 10 Feb 2001: 315. McPherson, Coco. â€Å"Creation Myths.† The Village Voice 13 Feb 2001: 12. â€Å"Why Not Human Clones?† The Christian Century 21 Feb 2001: 5. Zitner, Aaron. â€Å"House Sets the Stage for Debate on the Cloning of Humans.† The Los Angeles Times 25 Mar 2001: A.20. Cloning Essay -- essays research papers fc Cloning. Many people associate it with science-fiction novels, not with real life, but animal cloning is a process that is being attempted today all over the world, and human cloning might be next. But should cloning be made illegal? According to the Washington Post, cloning should be made illegal because all nursery rhymes would have to be rewritten: Mary didn’t have a lamb, she had two lambs and a sister named Bridget who looked exactly like her. Mary and Bridget went to school one day with both lambs, but the school board threw them out as cloning was against the rules. Also, the role of the father is not important in cloning. He can make one child, but the next is done by Xerox machine. Cloned children, however, would also celebrate Father’s Day. All cloning should be made completely illegal because such an insignificant amount of births are successful, nearly all clones have health problems, and the technology is far from perfected.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Very few animal clones make it to birth, and the ones that do usually have serious health problems, including physical deformities (such as enlarged umbilical cords) to life-threatening conditions (like being born with no immune system) (Boyce 42). Less than three percent of all cloning attempts succeed: â€Å" . . . scientists have good reason to be pessimistic: several years of animal cloning work has taught them that most cloned animals never even make it to birth and the rare ones that do all too frequently have [serious health] problems† (Boyce 42). Because of all of these facts, cloning should never even be considered on human beings. â€Å"Scientists estimate that fewer than a quarter of [cloned] newborns would survive without intensive care† (Boyce 43).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A very high probability of animal clones having all sorts of problems including poorly developed lungs and failing hearts, to grossly enlarged placentas and misshapen heads exist in all cloning attempts. Any attempts to clone a human with today’s technology would almost always produce a child with some sort of defect, whether major or minor. â€Å"Many [cloned animal] newborns have poorly developed lungs. And cattle have been born with deformed heads† (Boyce 42). Scientists say that they see some sort of genetic problem almost every time they clone and they do not know what is wrong with the cloning process, or why the cl... ... not have enough room to develop in the uterus. Cloned animals have nearly always had some sort of obvious defect, and the ones that do not look normal almost always are not really normal. Also, there are 30,000 genes and the chances are extremely small that an egg cell would reprogram all of these genes correctly (Kolata 1). As a result, the clones are not normal. Because of all of this, cloning should be made illegal. ********************************** Works Cited Boyce, Nell. â€Å"Multiplicity Perils. A Human is Likely To Be Cloned and Soon. Is It Worth the Risk?† U.S. News & World Report 19 Mar 2001: 42-43. Griffith, Victoria. â€Å"Scientists To Lend Weight To Attack On Human Cloning.† Financial Times 28 Mar 2001: 6. Kolata, Gina. â€Å"Researchers Find Big Risk of Defect in Cloning Animals.† New York Times 25 Mar 2001: 1. Josefson, Deborah. â€Å"Scientists Plan Human Cloning Clinic in the United States.† British Medical Journal 10 Feb 2001: 315. McPherson, Coco. â€Å"Creation Myths.† The Village Voice 13 Feb 2001: 12. â€Å"Why Not Human Clones?† The Christian Century 21 Feb 2001: 5. Zitner, Aaron. â€Å"House Sets the Stage for Debate on the Cloning of Humans.† The Los Angeles Times 25 Mar 2001: A.20.

Feral Hogs

Feral hogs have recently become a problem in middle Tennessee. Although these animals are not native to this area, it is believed that the hogs were brought in illegally for sport hunting. Although this move was ill advised, the wild hogs were trapped and brought into North Carolina and Eastern Tennessee. If not controlled, the overpopulation of these animals will continue to cause extensive damage for residents. Wild hogs have continued to overpopulate areas and in an effort to find new land and areas of food sources, have continued to move west.These hogs are becoming a nuisance as far west as Wilson County in Tennessee. Feral hogs are hunted for sport in east Tennessee, as they have been for many years. With the illegal transportation to Tennessee, and migration east, the animals have become a nuisance quickly. A female pig can reproduce twice a year with a litter of up to eight piglets each time. This can add up quickly since there are not many predators of wild hogs. Pigs are hi ghly adaptable to most areas and can tolerate a wide range of climates.Wild hogs also eat mostly plants but will also eat insects, worms, bird eggs, small birds, and reptiles. Feral hogs reproduce rapidly, increasing their population dramatically and very quickly. The hogs not only cause damage to farms, they can also transmit diseases to livestock. Jason Garrett of the Overton County Cattleman’s Association says, â€Å"This is a serious threat to all of agriculture† (Garrett). If the wild hog population is not controlled, these animals can take a toll on farmland and also on revenues from crop and livestock production.Wild hogs can be an extreme nuisance to farmers. A total of $1. 5 billion lost annually because of wild hog damage plus the potential crippling effects that disease transmission could have on the livestock industry. They can damage cropland in various ways: eating crops, trampling crops, rooting in the farmland and damaging the plants roots. â€Å"They just tear up everything that they come to, and make trails across all the fields†¦ And just wander out in the corn stalks and maul down what they don't eat†¦ just mow them down. said Overton County farmer, Freddie Paul (Paul). While making these trails, they also create ruts that can damage farm equipment and endanger the operator of the equipment. This can be not only dangerous but also costly to repair. The way the economy is presently, most farmers cannot afford to deal with costly or unexpected repairs. Wild hogs will also prey on livestock. This is another hit on a farmer’s checkbook. Cattle are the main income for most livestock farmers in middle Tennessee. The diseases spread by theses hogs pose a serious threat to farmers income as well.As of July 31, 2011, the Tennessee Wildlife Resource Agency (TWRA) put an end to sport hunting of wild hogs and placed into effect some new hunting regulations to assist in population control of wild hogs. The TWRA has remove d wild hogs from big game status and place them in a nuisance category. This implementation technically takes the sport out of wild hog hunting and turns it into eradication efforts. This will allow landowners to use more methods to trap and kill the hogs, methods such as using rifles during daylight hours and live traps with bait.Landowners are also allowed to shoot hogs at night, using bait all year, with no weapon restrictions. During an interview with TWRA Officer, Pete Geesling, he explained some of the new changes: Landowners, family members legally allowed to hunt the property without a license and up to 10 designees may assist in the control effort provided by the methods exemption. No more than 10 individuals may be used as designees annually. The exemption will allow shooting at night with the aid of artificial light, shooting over bait during big game season, or any other methods, approved by TWRA.Dogs may be used as part of the experimental management program in Overton, Fentress, Cumberland and Pickett counties, but no dogs may be used during November or December (Geesling). The TWRA has previously and continues to adjust hunting regulations to aid in eradication efforts. However, research has shown that until these eradication hunts become more evenly spread across the affected area, they may only multiply the problem. Overpopulation will exacerbate in regions, causing more damage, and the efforts to find new food sources will lead these hogs to new areas.The citizens and farmers of Tennessee, along with TWRA, must work to spread awareness to areas that are beginning to see this problem and try to eliminate it early. The heavily affected areas must continue an eradication effort until the wild hog population is reduced drastically, allowing farmers to reclaim their land. Works Cited â€Å"Controlling Wild Hogs. † Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency. Web. April 02, 2012. ;http://tn. gov/twra/feralhog. html;. Garrett, Jason. Personal Intervi ew. 1 April 2012. Geesling, Pete. Personal Interview. 1 April 2012. Paul, Freddie. Person Interview. 31 March 2012.

Floods in India Essay

India, being a peninsular country and surrounded by the Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean and the Bay of Bengal, is quite prone to flood. As per the Geological Survey of India (GSI), the major flood prone areas of India cover almost 12.5% area of the country. Every year, flood, the most common disaster in India causes immense loss to the country’s property and lives. India Flood Prone Areas The states falling within the periphery of â€Å"India Flood Prone Areas† are West Bengal, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Assam, Bihar, Gujrat, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana and Punjab. The intense monsoon rains from southwest causes rivers like Brahmaputra, Ganga, Yamuna etc. to swell their banks, which in turn floods the adjacent areas. Over the past few decades, central India has become familiar with precipitation events like torrential rains and flash floods. The major flood prone areas in India are the river banks and deltas of Ravi, Yamuna-Sahibi, Gandak, Sutlej, Ganga, Ghaggar, Kosi, Teesta, Brahmaputra, Mahanadi, Mahananda, Damodar, Godavari, Mayurakshi, Sabarmati and their tributaries. Though the north-Indian plains prone to flood more, the â€Å"India flood prone areas† can be broadly categorized in three divisions: Besides the Ganga, rivers like Sarada, Rapti, Gandak and Ghagra causes flood in eastern part of Uttar Pradesh. The Yamuna is famous for flooding Haryana and Delhi. Bihar experiences massive dangerous flood every year. River Burhi, Bagmati, Gandak, Kamla along with many small rivers contribute to that. In West Bengal, rivers like Mahananda, Bhagirathi, Damodar, Ajay etc. causes floods because of tidal effects and insufficient river channels. * Brahmaputra and Barak Basins: The river banks of Brahmaputra and Barak gets flooded due to the Surplus water found in the Brahmaputra basin and the Barak basin. These rivers along with their tributaries flood the northeastern states like West Bengal, Assam and Sikkim. Jaldakha, Teesta and Torsa in northern West Bengal and rivers in Manipur often overflow their banks. * Central India and Deccan Rivers Basin: In Orissa, spilling over of river banks by Mahanadi, Baitarni and Brahmani causes havoc. The deltaic area formed by these three rivers is thickly populated. Even some small rivers of Kerala and mud stream from the nearby hills add on to the destruction. Southern and central India observes floods caused by Narmada, Godavari, Tapi, Krishna and Mahanadi due to heavy rainfall. Cyclonic storms in the deltaic regions of Godavari, Mahanadi and Krishna even floods the coastal regions of Andhra Pradesh, Orissa and Tamil Nadu occasionally.

International Human Resource Management Essays - Business

International Human Resource Management Essays - Business EXECUTIVE SUMMARY International Human Resource Management (IHRM) is a method of selection,acllotication and utilizing of human Resourses in an international context. This report focuses on IHRM practices and the issues MURDOCH University faces in its IHRM strategies. The management of Global workforce policies and practices. Recruitment and Selection, training and perfomance management and renumeration process of Murdoch. MURDOCH University is regarded as a leading Australian and Global university. For it to be sucessful, the university focuses on attacting, retaining, and patronizing the eductaional staff that are dedicated to bring quality students some experiences and best learning output. The university introduced recognizing, and rewarding current staff for exceptional assistance in learning, training and research. It also follows a major IHRM strategy for managing its Global staff members. INTRODUCTION Human Resource Management (HRM) is the process of hiring, managing, and providing direction of the candidates that work in an organisation. HRM is vital in an organisation activity that focuses on factors in relation to the staff such as Hiring, compesatition, organisation development, perfomance management, wellness, safety, benefits, compesation, company development, staff motivation, comapny development , training, administaration, and communication. HRM is also called a comprehensive and strategic approach to mange and work force and enviroment of the workplace.It enalbles the staff to perform efficiently and effectivily to expand production and achieve the companies goal. the most important parts of HRM is IHRM which involves selction, allocating, and utilizing human resources in an international percespective. It includes activities that allows the organizations to manage staff at global level to achive objectives and performing HRM activities internationally. The process of IHRM can be simplifies if MNC(Multinational Corporations) traded thier products in few countries and few offices in foreign countries. Current Business operations push orgainisations to spread their activities globally to as many countries as possible thus IHRM is needed for that. An organisation has to build intergration among HR policies and practices to its subsidiary firms in various countries so to achive it so objectives and aims. Also to incorporate significant levels of flexibility on IHRM Strategy as employees from diffrent counries are supported by various cultures and social values and language. Flexibility has and abundance influence on perfomance on employees(Richman et al. May 2008). Forces of international and demand of the organisation to develop and implement a valid strong international strategy, IHRM is becoming a pre-requiste to the sucess of the organisation. IHRM management face difficulties to decide whether a company should start its HR policies and pratices on the local context( Lloyd & Hartel, 2004) Effective HRM system is important to focus on aliegnment with perfomance management systems of the companies. Example include the criteria used for perfomance management is to be implemeneted for staffing, hiring, and training. This shows a strong message of what is expected by the company from its staff (Pulakos, 2004) The survivalof the organisation on this high competive market, it is complusory to develop a cabable and effctive workforce. It is hard to find qalified international candidates, so it is imperative that companies achive their goals for staff development and control and co-ordination of employees, so to transfer knowledge by taking effective staff policies which inlude Ethnocentric Practices and Policies. Policies may be based on the view that the first choices for international or parent country positions are the parent country nationals. The 2nd choice can be based on Geocentric Policy that makes sure that qualified staff for the position is selected regardless of their country of origin. Emphasizing on the movement to overseas locations from parent company location is considered to be an important strategy for staffing and workforce development in a international position. Organisations that follow a Geocentric Staffing Policy focusses on recruiting candidates irrespective of nationality many include 3rd country nationals rather than subsidiary and the organisations parent country( Reiche & Harzing, December 2009) FACTORS TO CONSIDER WHEN SETTING UP BUSINESS OPERATION IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES INTERNATIOAL TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT Various types of training is needed such as orientation, language intruction, cultural training for staff of MNCs. Experiates face difficulties in social and cultural barries in host countries. E.G in Japan eben with suffiecient medical care, foreign workers and thier families are worried about Japanese doctors may reveal little to patients medical assistance. CULTURE SHOCK This